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1、Unit2-Working-the-Unit2-Working-the-land-Grammarland-Grammar动词的动词的-ing形式做主语和宾语形式做主语和宾语我们常说的现在分词和动我们常说的现在分词和动名词是怎么回事？名词是怎么回事？现在分词和动名词都是由动词末现在分词和动名词都是由动词末尾加尾加 -ing 形式构形式构成，因此统称为动词的成，因此统称为动词的 -ing 形式形式。V+-ing千万要注意千万要注意V-ingV-ing形式的规则哟！形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。现在分词还有时态和语态的变化。时时 态态 和和 语语 态态类别
2、 及及 物物 动动 词词不及物动词不及物动词形式主主 动动被被 动动主主 动动一般式 doing being done doing 完成式 having done having been done Havingdone作主语：动名词作主语：动名词Teaching is my full-time job.Writing an English composition is not easy. Its useless taking this kind of medicine.动名词作主语的形式主语句型动名词作主语的形式主语句型1.Itisnouse/gooddoing.2.Itisnotanyuse
3、/gooddoing.3.Itisworthwhiledoing.4.Itishardlyworthdoing.5.Thereisnodoing.6.Itsawasteoftimedoing.eg.Itsnogoodtellingherallthetruth.Itsnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.Thereisnotalkingwhatwillhappen.Itsawasteoftimearguingaboutit.Itisworthwhiletryingthisexperiment.动名词和不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为；不定式作主语往往表
4、示具体的或一次性的动作。eg.Playingwithfireisdangerous.Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.Smokingisprohibitedhere.Tosmokesomuchisntgoodforyou.作表语作表语（1 1）动名词）动名词Myjobisteaching.=Teachingismyjob.Her full-time job islayingeggs.=Laying eggs is herfull-timejob.（2 2）现在分词）现在分词The play is exciting. Exciting is the play.The s
5、tory he told us was very interesting. Interesting was the story he told us.动名词与现在分词作表语的区别:动名词作表语说明主语的内容,回答what或doingwhat的问题.现在分词作主语说明主语的性质特征,回答how的问题.eg.Thefilmisveryinteresting.(Howisthefilm?)Hisjobisteaching.(Whatishisjob?)动名词和不定式作表语的区别：动名词作表语表示一般或抽象的行为；不定式作表语往往表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式.eg.Myfavou
6、ritehobbyisjogging.Hisideaistogiveuptheplan.现在进行时着重强调动作正在进行.eg.Heiscleaningthewindow.作宾语：动名词作宾语：动名词I have just finished doing my home work. I suggested asking his brother for some money.He keeps buying expensive maps.He is fond of playing football.一一.只接动名词作宾语的常见只接动名词作宾语的常见 动词动词(短语短语)有有:dislike,avoid
7、,consider,finish,suggest,deny,imagine,risk,mind,keep,miss,enjoy,fancy,admit,delay,appreciate,practise,escape,canthelp,cantstand,giveup,putoff,feellike,succeedin,等太多了，怎么记呀？MrsBlackmissedabeefbag.二二.某些动词接不定式与动名词作宾语的区别某些动词接不定式与动名词作宾语的区别1) remember to do 记住要做某事记住要做某事 remember doing 记得过去做过某事记得过去做过某事我记得在街
8、上见过他。我记得在街上见过他。I remember meeting him in the street. 我想起来要给我父母亲写信。我想起来要给我父母亲写信。I remember to write a letter to my parents.2)forget to do 忘记去做某事忘记去做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事忘记做过某事我忘了去为她寄那封信了我忘了去为她寄那封信了.I forgot to mail the letter for her.我忘记了写过那篇作文我忘记了写过那篇作文.I forgot writing that composition.3) stop doi
9、ng 停止停止 做某事做某事 stop to do 停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事请不要抽烟请不要抽烟Stop smoking, please. 咱们停下来休息一下吧。咱们停下来休息一下吧。Lets stop to have a rest. 4) mean to do 打算做某事打算做某事 mean doing 意味着意味着I meant to catch up with the early bus.This means wasting a lot of money.我打算赶上早班车我打算赶上早班车.这意味着花很多钱这意味着花很多钱.5) try to do 设法
10、尽力做某事设法尽力做某事 try doing 试着做某事试着做某事You should try to overcome your shortcomings.你设法尽力克服你的缺点你设法尽力克服你的缺点.Try working out the physics problem in another way.试着用另一种方法去计算这物理难题试着用另一种方法去计算这物理难题.6)regret to do 对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾regret doing 对已做过的事表示后悔对已做过的事表示后悔我后悔花了那么多钱.我很遗憾地吿诉你,你高考失败了.Iregretspendingso
11、muchmoney.Iregrettotellyouhavefailedthecollegeentranceexam.三.allow,advise,forbid,permit+doingallow,advise,forbid,permit+sb.+todoeg.Wedontallowsmokinghere.Wedontallowstudentstosmoke.四.need,require,want+doing(主动形式表被动意义)tobedoneeg.Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning.tobecleaned.五.addto,lookforwardto,
12、leadto,payattentionto,stickto,devoteoneselfto,objectto,getdownto,get/beusedto+doing六.love,like,prefer,hate,+doing表示一般倾向性.todo表示一次具体动作eg.IlikechattingontheInternet.Iliketogotothecinematonight.七.begin,start,continue+doing/todo区别不大.如果谈论一项长期的或习惯的动作,常用doing.eg.Shestartsmakingpreparationsateighteveryday.I
13、wasbeginningtogetworried.Shebegantounderstandwhattheyreallywanted.Themeatbegantogiveoffabadsmell.八.Should/wouldlike/love+todoeg.Thelittlechildwouldlovetobetakentothezoo.作宾语补足语：现在分词作宾语补足语：现在分词I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.The
14、baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住：以将它们记住：make、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、notice、feel。“三让三让,三看三看,两听两听,注意感觉注意感觉”。现在分词与不定式作宾语补足语的区别现在分词与不定式作宾语补足语的区别:现在分词作宾补强调动作正在进行现在分词作宾补强调动作正在进行.不定式作宾补强调动作的全过程不定式
15、作宾补强调动作的全过程.I saw the girl getting on the tractor. 我看见那个女孩正在上拖拉机我看见那个女孩正在上拖拉机.I saw the girl get on the tractor and drive off. 我看见那个女孩上了拖拉机我看见那个女孩上了拖拉机, 然后把车开走了然后把车开走了.I smell something _ on the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute ? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt A动名词作定语表示性质或
16、用途。通动名词作定语表示性质或用途。通常放在它所修饰的词之前常放在它所修饰的词之前.a washing machine a machine for washinga swimming pool a pool for swimmingThis is a new washing machine. 作定语作定语现在分词作定语表示动作。现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单个分词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是单个分词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是现在分词短语如果是现在分词短语,就放在被修饰的名词之就放在被修饰的名词之后后,相当于定语从句相当于定语从句.a developing country a country
17、 which is developinga sleeping boy a boy who is sleepingChina is a developing country.The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.The man who was talking with my father is作定语作定语不定式与现在分词作定语的区别不定式与现在分词作定语的区别:主要表现在时态上主要表现在时态上不定式作定语通常指将来的动作不定式作定语通常指将来的动作.现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行. eg. He has two let
18、ters to write. Do you know the man sitting at the desk ? He is a student at Oxford University,_ for a degree in computer science. A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studyingB作作 状状 语语现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。果、伴随（方式）等。Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out.（时间）
19、（时间）Being ill, he went home. （原因）（原因）European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET 98)（结果）（结果）He read a magazine waiting for the bus.（伴随伴随）Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.(条件）条件）现在分词作状语要记住现在分词作状语要记住:现在分词作状语现在分词作状语,分词的分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语
20、一致逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致. Working hard, you will succeed. Being ill, she stayed at home. Having failed many times, he didnt lose his heart. Please answer the question using another way.1.Yesterday, I called you ,_ you some information on computer. A.asked B. asking C. and ask D. to ask2.While building a tunn
21、el through the mountain,_. A. an under gtound lake was discovered B. there was an undergtound lake discovered C. a lake was dscovered underground D. the workers discovered an underground lakeBD现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别:现在分词作结果状语,一般表示显而易见的结果.不定式作结果状语表示预想不到的结果.这两种结构常位于句末,用逗号与句子分开.eg.Ihurriedtotheoffice,onlytof
22、inditwasclosed.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.现在分词作状语要记住现在分词作状语要记住:现在分词作状语现在分词作状语,分词的分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致.但是当分词的逻辑但是当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时主语与主句的主语不同时,分词必须有自己的主语分词必须有自己的主语.eg. Weather permitting, well go to the Great wall. The shower being over, we con
23、tinued to march. The guest having left, he began to take a short rest. Miss Gao falling ill, Mr Wang took her class instead.记住常见的非谓语固定用语1）judgingby/from根据判断Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromHubei.2)generally/strickly/broadlyspeaking一般/严格/广义说来Generallyspeaking,themostimportantnewsisonthefrontpage.3)Taking
24、everythingintoaccount把一切都考虑在内Takingeverythingintoaccount,hisdecisionisnotsobad.4)talkingof谈到，说道Talkingofthefootballmatch,whichsidewon?5)notcounting不把计算在内Thereareonly8applesleftinthebasket,notcountingthespoiltones.6)Considering考虑到Consideringthebadweather,thesportsmeetwasdelayed.时时 态态 和和 语语 态态类别 及及 物物
25、 动动 词词不及物动词不及物动词形式主主 动动被被 动动主主 动动一般式 doing being done doing 完成式 having done having been done Havingdone如果分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行，就用一般式。eg.Hearingthenews,shejumpedwithjoy.Theylefttheroomtalkingandlaughing.如果分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成，就用完成式。eg.Havingfinishedmywork,Itookarest.Havingstudiedintheuniversit
26、yfor3years,heknowstheplaceverywell.当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态，如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，就用分词完成式的被动形式。同时进行就用分词一般式的被动形式。eg.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourbuilding.Youllfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.Havingbeenshownthelabs,weweretakentoseethelibrary.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmokjng.V + -i
27、ng 形式用法归纳形式用法归纳现现在在 1、作宾补（能跟现在分词作宾补的动词）、作宾补（能跟现在分词作宾补的动词） 分分 2、作状语、作状语 ( 与不定式的区别与不定式的区别 )词词 3、作表语、作表语 (与动名词的区别）与动名词的区别） 4、作定语（与动名词的区别）、作定语（与动名词的区别） 1、作主语、作主语 (与不定式的区别与不定式的区别)动动 2、作宾语、作宾语（能跟动名词作宾语的动词）（能跟动名词作宾语的动词）名名 3、作表语、作表语 (与现在分词的区别）与现在分词的区别）词词 4、作定语、作定语（与现在分词的区别）（与现在分词的区别）V + -ing 形式用法归纳形式用法归纳 1、
28、作宾补（能跟现在分词作宾补的动词）、作宾补（能跟现在分词作宾补的动词） 2、作状语、作状语 ( 与不定式的区别与不定式的区别 ) 3、作表语、作表语 (与动名词的区别）与动名词的区别） 4、作定语（与动名词的区别）、作定语（与动名词的区别） 1、作主语、作主语 (与不定式的区别与不定式的区别)动动 2、作宾语、作宾语（能跟动名词作宾语的词）（能跟动名词作宾语的词）名名 3、作表语、作表语 (与现在分词的区别）与现在分词的区别）词词 4、作定语、作定语（与现在分词的区别）（与现在分词的区别）现现在在分分词词Practice 1.Theoldfarmer_thebadly-injuredandwo
29、undedsoldier,cameoutoftheburninghouse,_forhelp.A.supporting;callingB.supportedby;calledC.beingsupportedby;calledD.beingsupporting;called2.Thebravemandied,_hisyoungwifenothingbutabrokencottage.A.left;B.leaving;C.left;D.toleave;AB4._hardbefore,Tomisafraidoffailingintheexam.A.HavingbeenworkedB.Nottohav
30、eworkedC.HavingneverworkedD.Neverhaveworked5._theexam,theboywaspunishedbyhisfather.A.NopassingB.HavingpassedC.NotpassingD.Nothavingpassed6.Time_,Icanhavedoneitbetter.A.permitB.bepermittedC.permittingD.topermit7._,theboycouldntenterhishouse.A.SincethekeyhaslostB.ThekeybeenlostC.LostthekeyD.Havinglost
31、thekeyCDCD8._intomanylanguages,thestoryiswellknownallovertheworldnow.A.BeingtranslatedB.HavingtranslatedC.TobetranslatedD.Havingbeentranslated9._fortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.A.HavingblamedB.ToblameC.BeingtobeblameD.Beingtoblame10._fromhearttroubl
32、eforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.TosufferC.HavingsufferedD.BeingsufferedDDC11._fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge12._withfright,ahungryfoxhidhimselfinasmallcave,_histailtotherain.A.Trembling;exposingB.Trem
33、bled;exposedC.Trembled;exposingD.Trembling;exposed16.Wesleptwiththelight_allnightlonglastnight.A.burntB.toburnC.beingburntD.burningAAD1.Nooneenjoys_at.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed4.Whereismypassport?Iremember_ithere.Youshouldnthaveleftithere.Remember_itwithyouallthetime.A.toput；tot
34、akeB.putting；taking7.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire_withgreatcare.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareofCCAC.putting；totakeD.toput；taking1.I cannot understand _ such a well-paid job. A. him to give up B. him to have given up C. his giving up D. his being given up2.Janes
35、 summer vacation in England led to _ an Englishman. A. her marry B. her to marry C. her being married D. her marrying 3.She was sad because of _ any chance left. A. there being not B. there not being C. not there being D. there was not4.If you think a letter is too slow, why not _ a telegram? A. try
36、 to have sent B. trying to send C. to try to send D. try sending 5.There is no chance _ him today. A. in seeing B. to seeing C. of seeing D. about seeing P P P P P 6.I know you like _ . Would you like _ with me now? A. to swim, to swim B. swimming, swimmingC. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming7.
37、Before _, the machine must be checked. A. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using 8.To give up _ means _ . A. smoking, stopping smoking B. smoking, to stop smoking C. to smoke, to stop to smoke D. to smoke, stopping to smoke9. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a seco
38、nd time.A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. being read 10. “What has made you so upset?” “_ my new bike.”A. Lost B. Because of losing C. Since I lost D. Losing P P P P P 11. I still remember _ to Beijing when I was six.A. to take B. taking C. having taking D. having been taken 12. Some foreigner
39、used to _ on the left in their own countries, but now they have got used to _ on the right in our country.A. driving, drive B. drive, drive C. drive, driving D. driving, driving13. He remained _ there, for he grew _ in many things there.A. staying, interesting B. staying, interested C. to stay, inte
40、rest D. stayed, interested14. It is important for parents and young people to learn how to get through to each other and develop skill in understanding and _.A. being understood B. to be understood C. understand D. understood15. _ more trees is good for health and it is also important to stop waste
41、from factories _ our surroundings. A. To plant, pollute B. Planting, to pollute C. Plant, polluting D. Planting, polluting P P P P P 16. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling 17. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A. to tak
42、e B. take C. taking D. to be taking18. “The light in the office is still on.” “Oh, I forgot _ .”A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off19. “I must apologize for _ ahead of time.” “Thats all right.”A. letting you not know B. not letting you knowC. letting you know n
43、ot D. letting not you know20. It happened _ when I left the station, so I had to wait until the rain stopped.A. to be raining. to have rained C. to rainD. raining P P P P P 21. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A . Given B . To give C . Giving D . Having given22. Climbing mountain
44、s was _, so we all felt _. A. tiring ; tired B. tired ; tiring C. tiring ; tiring D. tired ; tired23. The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house , _ by his naughty boy . A. following ; following B. followed ; followed C. following ; followed D. followed ; following24. _ these pictures, I c
45、ouldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-storyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. A. Seeing ; seen B. Seen ; seeing C. Seeing ; seeing D. Seen ; seen25. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased
46、to see children well _ care of in the nursery. A. looked ; taken B. looking ; taken C. looked ; took D. looking ; taking P P P P P 26. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for me, I found my colour TV set _ when I got home. A. lying; stolen B. laying
47、; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing27. _ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving28. _ his head high , the manager walked into the room to attend t
48、he meeting _ then . A. Holding ; being held B. Held ; holding C. Having held ; held D. Held ; to be held29. _ but he still can not understand it. A. Told many times B. Having been told many timesC. He has been told many times D. Though he has been told many times30. On hearing the _ news, I was too _ to sleep. A. exciting ; excited B. excited ; exciting C. exciting ; exciting D. excited ; excited P P P P P
