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1、英语考研语法系列：名词性从句1语法：名词性从句主语从句一、主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由连词that 和 whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what 引导。1. that 引导That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。That she is still alive is a consolatio
2、n. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence. 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑选上，在她村子里引起很大轰动。2. whether 引导Whether it wi
3、ll do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。3. 连接代词引导Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的
4、。4. 连接副词引导When we arrive doesnt matter. 什么时候到没有关系。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页英语考研语法系列：名词性从句2How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。How this happended is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。Where I spen
5、d my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。5. 关系代词型 what 引导What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。Whats done is done. 事已成定局。What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。What I am telling you is mere impressions. 我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。What make the river more beautiful are
6、 the lotus plants growing in the water. 为河水增色的是水里的荷花。What you need is a good-sized canvas bag. 你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal. 我担心的是他们把他带到葡萄牙去。What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. 给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。二、主语从句与形式主语it有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句
7、移至句末。这分三种情况：(1) 对于以连词that 引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语代主语从句：It s a pity that he didnt come. 很遗憾他没来。It is important that he should know about this. 他必须知道此事。It s vital that we be present. 我们出席是至关重要的。It was intended that you be the candidate. 大家的意图是让你当候选人。It is important that this mission not fail. 这项使命不失败至关重要。It i
8、s essential that a meeting be convened this week. 本周开一次会非常重要。It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 废除这个税是恰当的。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页英语考研语法系列：名词性从句3It s unfair that so many people should lose their jobs. 竟有这么多人失业这是不公平的。It s amazing that she should have said n
9、othing about it. 她竟未谈及此事令人惊讶。It s unthinkable that they should deny my request. 他们竟然拒绝我的请求，这是不可思议的。That they should refuse to sign the petition required great courage. 他们拒绝在请愿书上签字这是需要很大勇气的。(2) 对于以连接代词(副词 )引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句：Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问
10、题。It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它对我们是利是害，还得看看再说。(3) 对关系代词型what 引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如：What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。有时也可将助用形式主语。如：It is clear enough what he meant. 他是
11、什么意思很清楚。(4) 如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it 的结构：Is it true that he is the girls father? 他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗？How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了？三、连词 that 的省略问题引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若that 引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略；若 that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则 that 可以省略：That you didnt go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没
12、去听报告。 (that 不可省 )It was a pity (that) you didnt go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。 (that 可省)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页英语考研语法系列：名词性从句4宾语从句一、宾语从句的引导词宾语从句通常由连词that 和 whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what 引导：1. that 引导We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。The doctor insists that I g
13、ive up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求 5 日内付款。2. whether / if 引导I dont know whet
14、her hell arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。I didnt know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。Ill see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。I wonder if it s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。She didnt
15、 say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。3. 连接代词引导I dont know who whom you mean. 我不知道你指谁。Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。IIl do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。You can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页英语考研语法系列：名词性从句5Well do whatever we c
16、an to save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。Give it to whoever you like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。You dont know what you are talking about. 你在说什么，你自己也不知道。Tomorrow at this time well know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。4. 连接副词引导He asked why he had to go alone. 他问他为什么必须一个人去。You don t know
17、 when you are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。I asked how he was getting on. 我问他情况怎样。He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。Have you found out how wide the ditch Was? 你了解到那条沟有多宽吗 ?I d like to know when they will let him out. 我很想知道他们什么时候会放他出来。We didn t know why he had answered in that fashion. 我们不明白他为什么这样回答。5. 关系代词 what
18、 引导She has got what she wanted. 她要的东西得到了。I want to tell you what I hear. 我想把听到的情况告诉你。He could not express what he felt. 他无法表达内心的感受。They did what they could to console her. 他们尽量安慰她。They thought they could do what they liked with him. 他们以为他们可以对他为所欲为。【注意】有时介词后可接一个宾语从句(但介词后通常不接that和 if 引导的宾语从句)：From wha
19、t you say, he is right. 根据你所说的，他是对的。有极个别介词 (如 but, except)可接 that 引导的宾语从句：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页英语考研语法系列：名词性从句6She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她对他什么都不记得，只记得他的头发是黑的。比较下面两句用 what 引导的宾语从句，它们的意思不一样：He began to think about what he should
20、 do. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。二、宾语从句与形式宾语it当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末：I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。He hasn t made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。She found it difficult to answer the question. 她发现回答这个问题很困难。He feels it his duty to hetp others. 他认为帮助别人
21、是他的责任。He thought it best to be on his guard. 他认为他最好还是要警惕。He made it a rule to speak in Parliament at least once every session. 他规定自己在议会每次开会时至少发一次言。I find it interesting talking go you. 我觉得同你谈话很有意思。I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination. 我认为考试作弊是不对的。三、连词 that 的省略问题引导宾语从句的连词that 通常可以省略：She sai
22、d (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去。I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。He thought (that) they would give him 3 visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。I expect (that) the plane will he diverted.
23、我料想飞机会改变航线。I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。Everybody knows (that) money doesn t grow on trees. 众所周知，金钱是不会从树上长出来的。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 13 页英语考研语法系列：名词性从句7I suggested (that) they should / shouldn t drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着/ 不要沿着海岸开车。【注】有
24、时为了强调， that 引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that 不可省略：That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。四、宾语从句与否定转移当动词 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主语：I dont suppose that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。I dont imagine that he will come. 我想他不会来的。I dont think we need waste much time on it. 我想我们不必
25、在这上面花太多时间We didnt think wed be this late. 我们没想到我们会到得这么晚。I dont suppose I ll trouble you again. 我想我不要再麻烦你了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 13 页英语考研语法系列：名词性从句8表语从句一、表语从句的引导词引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以及 as if, as though, because 等连词。1. 由 that 引导The fact is that h
26、e doesn t really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。2.
27、由 whether 引导The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。【注意】 whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if 却通常不用于引导表语从句。3. 由连接代词引导You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。What I wan
28、t to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。4. 由连接副词引导The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。That was when I was fifteen. 这是我 15 岁时发生的事。Thats where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。Thats why he didnt come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。Thats why I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
29、- - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 13 页英语考研语法系列：名词性从句9Thats where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。5. 由关系代词型 what 引导That s what I want to stress. 这是我想强调的。That s what we are here for. 我们来这里就为了这个。Fame and personal gain is what theyre after. 他们追求的是名利。He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。6. 由 as if / as though
30、引导It isnt as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我们家里穷。7. 由 because引导It is because I love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。That s because you cant appreciate music. 这是因为你不能欣赏音乐。If Im a bit slee
31、py, its because I was upall night. 如果我有点困，是因为一夜没睡。Its because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 这是因为我在上课中替约翰传纸条给海伦。【注意】 because 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的since, as, for等也不用于引导表语从句。二、连词 that 的省略问题引导表语从句的 that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略：My idea is (that) we should do it right away. 我的意见是我们应该马上干。The
32、 trouble is (that) he is ill. 糟糕的是他病了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 13 页英语考研语法系列：名词性从句10同位语从句一、同位语从句的引导词引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。1. 由 that 引导We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。The new
33、s that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。He referred to Copernicus statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球
34、绕太阳转的说法。【注意 1】 在某些名词 (如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution 等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。Th
35、e suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker. 我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - -
36、- -第 10 页，共 13 页英语考研语法系列：名词性从句11【注意 2】 引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如：He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2. 由 whether 引导There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题：
37、你来不来。The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。【注意】 whether 可引导同位语从句，但if 不能引导同位语从句。3. 由连接代词引导Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗 ?From 1985-90 I was an instructor at th
38、e regional party headquarters. After that I went back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was. 从 1985年到 1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。4. 由连接副词引导I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。He had no idea why she left.
39、他不知道她为什么离开。You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急 !二、关于分离同位语从句有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如：The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 谣传这里要盖一所新学校。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
40、名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 13 页英语考研语法系列：名词性从句12Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town. 有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1意义的不同
41、同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是 that he will come，故 that 引导的是同位语从句 )We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that 从句是限制 the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的 news，故 t
42、hat 从句为定语从句 )2. 引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3. 引导词的功能上的不同that 引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us 中的 that就充当 told 的宾语。4. 被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，wh
43、en 和 where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why 引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason ，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句 )精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 13 页英语考研语法系列：名词性从句13I ll never forget the days when I lived there. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句 )We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句)The reason why he didnt come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。 (定语从句 )精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 13 页
