《2022年英语语法例题解析》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022年英语语法例题解析(8页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、学习必备欢迎下载英语语法是关于英语语言结构的理论知识。要学好这门课程需要系统地、全面地了解英语语言的结构层次以及每一层次上语言单位的组合规则,同时需要认知语言的意义,语言是负载意义的, 懂得意义也是学习语法和解题的基础。语言的使用是意义和结构相结合的产物。本文讲述英语语法考试中考生容易忽略的各部分测试要点或难点,并结合近两年 (98 年至 2000年)的英语语法专业考试试题和英语语法自学考试指导练习中的题目,分析解题方法。一、词组和基本句型1.英语的句子首先是词组的序列。词组是句中被分割的句法单位的形式,句子成分则是句法单位的功能。例如:The device is the most impor
2、tant invention in many years. 名词词组动词词组名词词组主 语 谓语动词主语补足语两者之间有交 * 关系。要注意每个词组可能担当的句子成分,例如:It is hoped that the two sides may come to an agreement. _,the two sides may come to an agreement.(2000年上试题 ) 分析:空格是评注性状语,常为副词词组,故填Hopefully 。2.英语的五个基本句型是理解句子结构的关键。例如,在“ 主语 + 谓语动词 + 主语补足语 ” 句型中,动词是连系动词。The plums l
3、ooked sweetly(A), but(B) he could not eat(C) the fruit he had stolen(D).(练习 32 页) 分析: look 在此句中不是行为动词而是连系支词,故A 需改为 sweet 。3.在“ 主语 + 谓语动词 ” 句型中,动词是不及物动词。He rose(A) to speak(B) and was listened(C) with enthusiasm by the large audience(D).(练习 86 页) 分析: listen 是不及物动词,无被动语态,故C 改为 was listened to 。4.在“ 主语
4、 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 ” 句型中,动词是单宾语及物动词,必须带一个宾语,否则是错句。It should bear(A) in mind that(B) there us great damage(C) to(D) the forests.(98年下试题 ) 分析: that 引导主语从句,及物动词bear 后无宾语,故A 改为被动语态。5.在“ 主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ” 句型中,动词是双宾语及物动词。They tell me that he is at home. I _ _ that he is at home.(练习 177 页) 分析:一个宾语me 可因被动
5、语态变主语I ,另一宾语仍在后面。故填am told 。6.在“ 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ” 句型中, 动词是复合宾语及物动词。宾语后接宾语补足语,及物动词是否可带宾语补足语以及所带补足语的形式为动词本身的特点所决定。Dont get the boy _ (frighten) into _(cry).(99年下试题 ) 分析:根据frighten空格所需的被动意义和get可接过去分词做宾语补足语的特征填frightened和 crying 。二、名词和名词词组1.要了解名词词组四个部分的词序,例如:all those beautiful warm days in the
6、country 限定词 + 前置定语 + 中心词 + 后置定语- What on earth is that? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载- Dont you know? Thats whale,_. A. largest worlds mammal B. a largest world mammal C. the worlds largest mammal D. largest mammal of the world(98年下试题 ) 分析: C 是正常词序,其它三个答案均有错误。2.限定词
7、对中心词作所指和数量关系的限定,分为前位、中位和后位限定词。例如:These all(A) last few(B) days, we have been busy(C) fighting(D) drought.(98年下试题 ) 分析: A 错,前位和中位限定词错位,改为All these 。不可以同时使用两个前位或两个中位限定词,后位限定词则可以被重叠使用。如在上句中有两个后位限定词。其次,要注意限定词和可数名词、不可数名词的搭配关系,例如:Many(A) critics have condemned the television networks for(B) not having muc
8、h(C) imaginative programs for(D) children.(98年下试题 ) 分析: much 不可限定可数名词programs ,改为 many 。3.前置定语中部分主要是形容词。常有两、三个形容词的排序问题,例如:The Republican Party is one of the _ parties of the United States. A.political two principle B.principle political two C.two principle political D.two political principle(98年上试题
9、) 分析:答案是C,顺序为:限定词、一般描绘性的形容词、用途形容词。4.中心词是名词词组的核心,决定该名词词组单数或复数的概念。A(A) number of endangered species(B) increases every year as(C) natural resources disappear(D).(98年下试题 ) 分析: A 改为 The,中心词由species 变成 number ,因为动词increases 是单数形式。5.后置定语的形式有形容词词组、非限定动词词组、介词词组、定语从句等。要注意前、后置定语的相互切换以及形式的变化。例如:a three-year-ol
10、d boy / a boy three years old / a boy who is three years old 三、代词1.代词指代名词词组,代词的所指对象在上文和下文中分别为后照应和前照应。应注意代词和所指带的名词词组之间的数、人称等方面的一致。例如:None(A) of us knew his real intentions(B) until we were(C) revealed by accident(D).(99年上试题 ) 分析: C 错。 we 改为 they 指 intentions 。In their(A) own way, mathematics can(B) b
11、e as creative and exciting(C) as(D) poetry.(98年下试题 ) 分析: A 错。 their 改为 its 指 mathematics 。2.人称代词指代包含前、后置定语在内的名词词组,不可以再带前、后置定语,例如:For them(A) interested in nature, the club offers(B) hikes and overnight camping(C) each week during(D) the summer.(练习 21 页) 分析: them 不带后置定语,改为those 。3.人称代词做同位语时,根据所同位的名词词
12、组在句中的成分,选择主格或宾格。To(A) the finalists, Bob and I(B), the last high jump was the most exciting as well as(C) the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载most difficult(D).(练习 20 页 ) 分析: B 错, I 改为 me,因为所同位的finalists 是宾语。4.不定代词的用法比较复杂,需要我们逐一去熟悉它们各自的用法。例如:So(A) is the length of the
13、 bridge(B) that the shape of the earth has to be taken into(C) account by(D) its designer.(98 年上试题 ) 分析: A 错。 Such 而不是 so 可做代词在此倒装句中做主语补足语。四、形容词和副词及其词组形容词或形容词词组一般作名词词组中的修饰语和补语;副词或副词词组一般作形容词和副词词组的修饰语和状语。1.中心形容词和边缘形容词。边缘形容词不完全具备形容词所有的句法功能。一种边缘形容词不能做前置修饰语,例如:表示健康状况的形容词:ill,well ,unwell ,faint 以词缀 a 开始的
14、形容词,例如ablaze, adrift, afire, aflame, afloat, afoot, afraid, akin, alike, alive, along, amiss, ashamed, aslant, alight, asleep, awake, aware等。另一种边缘形容词只能做前置定语,例如:a mere child, the only reason, sheer arrogance, a certain man, utter nonsense 2.梯度形容词有程度变化,有比较级和最高级形式,也可以由very 等程度状语修饰。非梯度形容词则相反,例如:He occup
15、ies a _ place in English literature.(练习 40 页) A.most unique B.unique C.least unique D.very unique 分析:答案B,因为 unique 是非梯度形容词。3.ing 词尾的形容词有主动意义,ed、able 和 ible 词尾的形容词具有被动意义。The unnatural tides(A) of the ocean(B) left the scientists completely(C) astonishing(D).(98年下试题 ) 分析:答案D,改为 astonished ,因为该部分需要被动意义
16、。4.注意同词根或形式相近的形容词、副词之间差异,例如,In modern(A) industrious(B) areas, sociocultural changes is occurring(C) at an accelerated(D) rate. 分析:答案B,改为 industrial ,industrious意为勤奋的, industrial 意为工业的。5.句子有原级比较有as 结构,有比较结构有than 结构,例如,Truly speaking(A), success(B) does not own so much to(C) intelligence like(D) dili
17、gence.(99年下试题 ) 分析:答案D,改为 as,因为前面有原级比较结构。6.注意比较结构的转换,例如:I am more impressed by the form of the poem than by its content. I am _ so impressed by the content of the poem _ by its form. (not as)(99年下试题 ) The book cost as much as 50 dollars. The book cost _ than 50 dollars. (no less)(99年下试题 ) He is the
18、strongest of all the students in his class. He is stronger _ any of his _ .(than classmates)(99年下试题 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载五、动词和动词词组在这一部分,应注意动词在时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词等表现方式上的变化。1.状态动词一般无进行时态。例如Now that the flowers _, the garden _, good.(教材 161 页) A. bloom, smells B.
19、 bloom, is smelling C. are blooming, smells D. are blooming, is smelling 分析:答案是C, smell 是状态动词,没有进行时态。2.进行时态有较强的动作的暂时性特征,例如:My son isnt diligent, but he _ (work) hard this term. 分析:填is working ,因为 “ 勤奋 ” 有暂时性。3.进行时态和某些频度副词连用,有情感色彩,例如:Nobody likes him, because he _ to curry favour with the boss.(98年下试
20、题 ) A. is always trying B. always tries C. does always try D .has always tried 分析:因为 “ 无人喜欢分 ” ,答案是 A。4.现在完成时态常用so far , up to now , in the past/last years/days/weeks等时间状语:Is there anything wrong? No. So far I _ no trouble. (98年下试题 )( 答案: have had) 5.过去完成时常表示某一动作在过去的一个动作之前已经完成,例如:The secretary opene
21、d the mail which _ (deliver) that morning.(98年下试题 ) 分析:送邮件在打开邮件之前,故填had been delivered。6.将来完成进行时常表示一将来动作在另一将来动作发生之后才发生,例如:You wont know if it fits until you _ (try) it on.(98年下试题 ) 分析:试穿以后才知道是否合身,故填have tried 。7.如果及物动词后面的宾语消失,则说明该动词应为被动形式,例如:It should bear(A) in mind that(B) there is great damage(C)
22、 to(D) the forests.(98年下试题 ) 分析:答案是A,bear 后面无宾语应将其改为被动形式。8.注意 would rather(that)/would sooner(that)/would as soon(that)/would prefer(that)结构中的虚拟语气,例如:Id rather you _ (post)the letter right away.(98年下试题 ) 分析:此空格动词表示未来的动作,填posted 。The show was boring. Id rather _(not go) to it.(98年下试题 ) 分析:此格动词表示已发生过的
23、动作,填had not gone。9.在含有非真实条件的句子中虚拟语气交*时间或交 * 语气形式:If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed, we _(be) there by now.(98年下试题 ) 分析:交 *时间,过去的虚假假设,现在的结果故填would be 。He was attending a meeting, or he _(attend) your birthday party.(99年下试题) 分析:先为陈述语气,后为虚拟语气,故填would have attended。精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
24、- - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载10. 表示建议、命令、要求的四种名词性从句需用虚拟语气,例如:She asked that flowers _ (present) _(please) the group of visitors.(99年上试题 ) 分析: ask 的宾语从句,表示要求,故填be presented和 to please 。11. 动词不定式常用来表示未发生过的动作,例如:The museum _(renovate) next week is situated on the rivers bank.(98年下试题 ) 分析:
25、因为时间是下周,故填to be renovated。12. 动词不定式的完成式在下面句子中表示过去本要做,但是没有做成的虚拟语气I ought _(discuss) the matter with you, but I had other business in hand.(99年下试题 ) I meant _(write) a letter to you, but I just couldnt find time.(98年下试题 ) 分析:两题分别表示本应该和本打算要做,但未做成,故填to have discussed和 to have written 。13. 动词不定式的完成式表示动作发
26、生在句子主要谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如:The building is said _(destroy) in a fire two years ago.(98年下试题 ) 分析: destroy 发生于 is said 之前,故用完成式。14. 做结果状语时,动词不定式常和only 连用;分词常和thus 连用。He hurried to the station only _(find) the train had gone. The plane ran into a lamp pole, thus _(cause) heavy casualties.(99年下试题 ) 分析:分别填to
27、find和 causing 。15. 逻辑主语后加分词结构为独立主格结构,仍需注意之间的主被动关系。例如:The old man walked with a stick, his hope _(slip) away at every step.(99年下试题 ) The temperature _(be) low, the fuel has to be preheated.(98年下试题 ) A man turned corner, a heavy, blue-black revolver _(hold) in each hand.(99年下试题 ) 分析:上两句中为主动关系,故填slippi
28、ng 和 being, 下句中为被动关系,故填held 。注意不能填 was slipping等,因为逗号不连接两个分句。16. 动名词能否做动词宾语取决于前面的动词。如果是介词宾语,非谓语动词中只有动名词能做。例如:“ Why dont you try to do that kind of work?” “ I cant risk _(do) something new right now.” (99年下试题 )( 答案: doing) We look forward to _(see) you soon.(99年下试题 )( 答案: seeing) 六、一致关系1.语法一致指主语名词词组中
29、心词的形式决定谓语动词的单复数。例如:A(A) number of endangered species(B) increases(C) every year as natural resources disappear(D). 分析:答案是A,改为 The,中心词由species 变成 number 。2.意义一致是指有时不根据中心词的单复数而是根据其意义决定谓语动词的形式。So long as you have a companion, twenty miles arent a long way to walk, especially on a fine morning like this
30、.(99年下试题 ) 分析: twenty miles被看作一个整体,B 部分改为 isnt a long way。3.就近原则指一些并列结构做主语时,其相关形式根据较近的并列成分而定。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载English you or your sisters must do it by _.(99年下试题 ) A.themselves B.yourself C.oneself D.yourselves. 分析:与 your sisters较近,答案为A。4.主语的中心词是常为复数意义的
31、集体名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。The police(A) has been searching(B) for a tall dark(C) man with a beard. Until now(D) more than one person is suspected.(99年下试题 ) 分析:由于has been 而将 A 部分改为policeman 。5.主语的中心词是常为不可数意义的集体名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。I like to stay long in the park. The green _ really beautiful.(98年下试题 ) A.foliage is B.
32、foliage are C.foliages is D.foliages are 分析: foliage 是此类名词,答案是A。6.定语从句的谓语动词要和该从句引导词所代表的先行词保持一致。例如:I am one of(A) those people who(B) by general opinion of the world is(C) counted both(D) infamous and unhappy. 分析: who 指 those people, 故 C 改为 are。七、并列句、复合句和独立结构1.注意并列结构中和语篇连接中的语义关系,这常常是考查点。Think it over
33、 again(A) but(B) you will be able to find(C) it out(D).(98年下试题 ) 分析: but 改为 and, 前后是条件和结果的关系。Mr. Robert told his assistant to hold it right side up and be careful not to jerk it _ the mechanism. A.or he would damage B.and he would damage C.or he damaged D.and he damaged (98 年下试题 ) 分析:需要的意义为“ 否则 ” ,动
34、作尚为发生,故选A。Public transportation in those(A) countries is expanding(B), and consequently(C) the use of subways in some metropolitan(D) areas is on the decline.(99年下试题 ) 分析: C 部分意义应为“ 然而 ” 或“ 但是 ” ,改为 however 、yet 等。2.注意从句各类引导词不同的功能,例如:That our computer failed to work properly was _ the bill was incor
35、rect.(99年下试题 ) A.why B.because C.whether D.since 分析: because 和 since 不引导主语补语从句,该从句意义需要一副词,故选A。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载She emphasized the fact _ people do something dishonest they are really cheating themselves.(99年下试题 ) A.which then B.that when C.that those D.
36、those which 分析: that 引导同位语从句,when 引导该从句中的时间状语从句,故选B。No matte(A) who(B) has skills as well as(C) knowledge must be treated well, mustnt he(C)?(99 年下试题 ) 分析: 答案为 A,改为 Anyone 。此句还可改为: Whoever had skills and knowledge must be treated well, mustnt he?或者 No matter who has skills and knowledge, he must be
37、treated well, mustnt he? The boy no longer reads the same kind of stories _ used to fascinated him. A.which B.as C.to be D.having(99年下试题 ) 分析:定语从句先行词前如有the same 或 such, 该从句引导词为as。3.注意逗号前后不能是并列结构,只能从属结构,例如:Mr. Smith will move into(A) his new house next Monday(B), by that time(C) it will be completely
38、 finished(D).(98年下试题 ) 分析:原句逗号并连了句子,故将C 改为 by which time。八、省略和倒装1.省略是一种避免重复、保持语言简洁, 并使上下文紧密联系的语法手段。在省略或替代中,我们常用I think so, I hope so, Im afraid so替代上文中出现的一些内容。其否定形式是I think not, I hope not, Im afraid not。例如:Is he going tonight? Im afraid _.(98年下试题 ) A. not B. not so C. such D. that she so(答案: A) 2.如
39、果状语从句的主语和句子主语相同,其主语可以省略,例如:_ the most poverty-stricken county in the province, my native town has become the most prosperous county.(99年下试题 ) A.After B.Once C.If only D.As far as( 答案: A) 3.倒装是指英语句子正常的词序发生了变化。否定词在句首的句子要发生局部倒装。In no country other than(A) England one can(B) experience four seasons in a
40、 single day(C), can he(D)?(99年下试题 ) 分析:句首部分有否词no,故 B 部分改为can one 。4.Only+ 状语在句首的句子要发生局部倒装。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载Only by driving off the road we were able to avoid a serious accident on our way to London a few days ago.(2000年上试题 ) 分析: B 部分改为were we 。5.非真实条件中条件状语分句可以倒装。例如:_ you lend me some help, I would feel much obliged. A.If B.Were C.Would D.Should(98年下试题 ) 分析:答案为D,倒装后意为If you should lend 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页