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1、Grammar and usage Revision翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。（1）要学好一门外语是不容易的。要学好一门外语是不容易的。（2）我们拒绝他们的邀请会显得无礼。）我们拒绝他们的邀请会显得无礼。（3）和他争论这件事是没有用的。）和他争论这件事是没有用的。（4）据说）据说Robert过去曾在国外学习过，但我不知道是在过去曾在国外学习过，但我不知道是在哪个国家。哪个国家。（5）母亲轻轻地走了进来，以免惊醒熟睡的儿子。）母亲轻轻地走了进来，以免惊醒熟睡的儿子。（6）我叫小李给你修收音机。）我叫小李给你修收音机。（7）这个孩子需要照顾。这个孩子需要照顾。（8）Tom迟到了使老师很生气。迟到
2、了使老师很生气。 (1)Itsnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.(2)Itwouldberudeofustorefusetheirinvitation.(3)Itisnousearguingwithhimaboutit.(4)Robertissaidtohavestudiedabroad,butIdontknowwhichcountryhestudiedin.(5)Mothercameinquietlysoasnottowakeupthesleepingboy.(6)IllhaveXiaoLirepairtheradioforyou.(7)Thechildn
3、eedslookingafter/tobelookedafter.(8)Tomsbeinglatemadetheteacherangry.非非谓谓语语动动词词过去分词过去分词不定式不定式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词分分词词-ing -ing 形式形式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语不不定定式式动动名名词词分分词词主语主语宾语宾语 表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语 分分 词词一、形一、形式式主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式一般式一般式完成
4、式完成式完成式完成式过去分词只有一种形式过去分词只有一种形式:现在分词：现在分词：doingdoingbeing donebeing donehaving donehaving donehaving been donehaving been donedone二、二、功功能能1 1作表语作表语2 2作定语作定语3 3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4 4作状语作状语1.分词作表语分词作表语 surprising, surprised The result was _ . They were _ at the news. satisfied, satisfying He appeared _ with m
5、y answer. The answer was _. surprisingsurprisedsatisfiedsatisfying总结总结：现在分词现在分词作表语作表语:一般表示主动或主语的一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征性质和特征, “令人令人”的意思的意思, 主语多数情况是主语多数情况是sth. 过去分词过去分词作表语作表语: 一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的上的感受感受, “感到感到的的”,主语多数情况是主语多数情况是sb.interesting使人感使人感兴趣的趣的interested感感兴趣的趣的exciting令人激令人激动的的excited感到激感
6、到激动的的delighting令人高令人高兴的的delighted感到高感到高兴的的disappointing令人失望的令人失望的disappointed感到失望的感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的感到愉快的puzzling令人令人费解的解的puzzled感到感到费解的解的satisfying令人令人满意的意的satisfied感到感到满意的意的surprising令人惊异的令人惊异的surprised感到惊异的感到惊异的worrying令人担心的令人担心的worried感到担
7、心的感到担心的2.分词作定语分词作定语A.单单个分词作定语个分词作定语 boiling water boiled water developing country developed country falling leaves fallen leaves rising sun risen sun 现在现在分词表示分词表示正在进行正在进行的动作的动作; 过去过去分词表示分词表示已经完成已经完成的动作。的动作。总结总结：B. 表示情感心理的分词作定语表示情感心理的分词作定语exciting, excited He told us the _ news. The _ pupils jumped w
8、ith joy.He had a _(terrify) look in his eyes. The boy answered in a _(frighten) voice. 过去分词除修饰过去分词除修饰sb.以外以外,还可修饰表示神态、还可修饰表示神态、声音等的名词声音等的名词, 说明主语的心理状态说明主语的心理状态。excitedexcitingterrifiedfrightened总结总结：C. 分词短语作定语分词短语作定语Tell the children _(play)there not to make so much noise. Did you see the man _(talk
9、) to the manager?I used to live in a room _(face)south.The house _(stand)at the corner of the street was built in 1955.playingplayingtalking=who was talking=who are playing therefacing= which faced= that standsstandingstanding总结总结：现在分词作定语现在分词作定语:a.表示正在进行的动作表示正在进行的动作 b.表示表示经常性的动作或现在经常性的动作或现在/当时的状态。当时
10、的状态。Is this the book _(recommend)byourteacher?The meeting _(hold)last week is veryimportant.Ihatetoseeletters_(write)inpencil.recommendedrecommendedheldheldwrittenwritten总结总结：过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语：表示被动表示被动注注：如果所表示的动作此刻正在发生，用如果所表示的动作此刻正在发生，用现在现在分词的被动形式分词的被动形式来表示，如：来表示，如： The meeting _(hold)now is very impo
11、rtant. We must keep a secret of the things _here.注注：如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，用如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，用不定不定式的被动形式式的被动形式来表示，如：来表示，如： The meeting _(hold)next week is very important. Please tell me the subjects _(discuss)at the next meeting.being heldbeing heldbeing discussedbeing discussedto be heldto be heldto be discu
12、ssedto be discussed3.作宾语作宾语(主语主语)补足语：补足语：Hislecturegotus_(think).Hegothisbike_(repair)justnow.Hewatchedthebed_(carry)outofthedoor.Hefeltagreatweight_(take)offhismind.他感到心头如释重负。他感到心头如释重负。Howwouldyoulikeyourhair_(cut)?Heisverypopularamongthestudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_(interest)inhislectures.The
13、otherday,Ihadmypocket_(pick)onthebus.Iamsorrytohavekeptyou_(wait)forsolongatime.thinkingrepairedcarriedtakencutinterestedpickedwaitinghave sb doing sthget sb/sth doing sthhave/get sth donehave sth donemake oneself heard/understoodleave sth undone使使.一直做一直做使使.开始行动开始行动使使.被做被做使使.遭受遭受使自己被听到使自己被听到/被理解被理解留
14、下留下.未做未做总结总结：现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语存在主动关系；现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语存在主动关系；过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语存在被动关系。过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语存在被动关系。4.分词作状语分词作状语形式形式意义意义doinghaving donedonebeing donehaving been done主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生同时发生主动，先于谓语动词发生主动，先于谓语动词发生被动被动被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首句首被动，先于谓语动词发生被动，先于谓语动词发生A.作时间状语：作时间
15、状语：Whentheyheardthebadnews，theycouldnthelpcrying.=_(hear)thebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.Whenweweretakenaroundthecity,weweredeeplyimpressedbythecitysnewlook.When_aroundthecity,weweredeeplyimpressedbythecitysnewlook.Whenhefinishedhiswork,hewenthome. _hiswork,hewenthome.HearingtakenHavingfinishedB.作原
16、因状语作原因状语：Becausehewaspoor,hecouldnotaffordtotravelabroad.=_(bepoor),hecouldnotaffordtotravelabroad._(encourage)byhisheroicdeeds,theyworkedharder._(lose)inthought,healmostranintoapost._(frighten)bythebigforestfire,theanimalsallranaway._(notknow)heraddress,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.BeingpoorEncourage
17、dLostFrightenedNotknowingBecauseIhadntreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtocallhimup.=_(notreceive)hisletter,Idecidedtocallhimup._(neverbe)tothecity,hesoongotlost.NothavingreceivedHavingneverbeenC.方式方式/伴随状语伴随状语:Shewatchedthefilm,_(weep)and_(sigh).Theteacherstoodthere,_(surround)byalotofstudents.D.作条件状语作条件状语：
18、IfIweregivenanotherchance,Iwouldhavedonethejobfarbetter.=_anotherchance,Iwouldhavedonethejobfarbetter.(If)_(play)allday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.weepingsighingsurroundedGivenPlayingE.作结果状语：作结果状语：(意料中的结果意料中的结果)Thehuntersfired,_(shoot)oneofthewolves.Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thus_(cause)thedel
19、ay.区别区别:不定式表示意外的结果不定式表示意外的结果Hehurriedtothestation,only_(find)thetrainhadleft.F.作让步状语作让步状语：Thoughitheavilyrainedheavily,itclearedupverysoon.=_,itclearedupverysoon.Though_(tell)ofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.shootingcausingtofindRainingheavilytold分词作状语时分词作状语时,需注意需注意:A.分词短语作状语时分词短语作状语时,它的
20、逻辑主语通常应是它的逻辑主语通常应是_(see)fromthehill,thecityisbeautiful._(see)fromthehill,youcanseethewholecity.B.分词短语的位置分词短语的位置:一般来说一般来说,时间时间,原因原因,条件条件,让步等分词短语多放在句首让步等分词短语多放在句首;而表结果而表结果,伴随的分词短语放在句尾伴随的分词短语放在句尾.Findingthedoorlocked,Tomwenthome.(_)Tomwenthome,findingthedoorlocked.（_）主句的主语主句的主语SeenSeeing原因原因结果结果C1._tos
21、unlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin._tosunlightfortoomuchtime,yourskinwillbeharmed.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed2._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedAATest yourself3. The research is so design
22、ed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begunC. beginningD. begun4. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help5. The idea for the new plan came to
23、 his mind, to his experiment in the lab. Awhile devotingBwhile devoting himselfCwhile he was devotedDwhile devoted DDC形形成性检测成性检测1.改写下列句子改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语其划线部分应改为分词短语(C级级)1.Lookroundwhenyoucrossthestreet.2.Whensheheardthenews,sheburstintolaughter.3.Asshewasstillratherweak,shecouldnotstayupfortoolon
24、g.4.Gentlemenalwaysshakehandswhentheyareintroducedtoeachother.5.Acoldrainwasfalling.Itwasmixedwithsnow.whencrossingthestreetWhenhearingthenewsBeingratherweakwhenintroducedtoeachother,mixedwithsnow6.Whilewewerewalkinginthestreet,wemetsomefriendsofours.7.Theoldmanwalkedslowly.Hewassupportedbyhislittlegrandson.8.Thegroundwhichiscoveredwithwhitesnowlooksverybeautiful.9.Thereisatalltreewhichcoverstheentrancetothecave.10.Theworkerwrotetothepoliceanddisclosedwhostolethemoney.coveringdisclosing
