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1、读书破万卷下笔如有神【本周知识一览】定语从句（ Attributive Clauses）关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有： when, where, why 等一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、 定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。二、 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于 介词 + which
2、 结构，因此常常和介词 + which结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。2）that 代替关系副词 that 可以用于表示时间、 地点、 方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why 和介词 + which引导的定语从句，在口语中that 常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。三、 判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全
3、取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词 /关系副词。例 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the
4、 one 例 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one 四、 介词 +关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that 前不能有介词。3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词 +关系词 结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember
5、 the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 状语从句（ adverbial clauses ）He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态，例如上面的句子可改成：He called me after he finished his work. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - -
6、- - - -第 1 页，共 8 页读书破万卷下笔如有神注：常用句型：It is + 时间段 +since从句译为：自从 有多长时间了 。例如：It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。until 意为 “ 直到 时 ” ，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时，从句常用否定形式, not. until. 意为 “ 直到 才” ，这时的until 可以用 before 来替换。例如：Ill s
7、tay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里，直到你回来。(stay 表示的动作可以持续) He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续 ) while 引导的时间状语从句，常译为“ 与 同时，在 期间 ” ，while 的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。例如：They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。【巩固 +冲刺练习】定语从句一用关系代词who, t
8、hat, which 填空。1This is the story _you are interested in. 2Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. 3We visited a factory _ makes toys for children. 4Tom is the only one of the boys _ was late for class yesterday. 5Didnt you see the man _ I talked with just now?6The boy _ lo
9、st his bike is very sad. 7The film _ we saw was very interesting. 8This is the first film _ w eve ever seen.9The city in _ my aunt lives is far away. 10He is always ready to help anyone _ is in trouble. 二单项选择。1Those are the shoes _I bought yesterday. AthoseBwhich CwhoDwhose 2The house _the old man l
10、ives _ fell down in the storm last night. Athat, /Bwhich, in Cwhom, inDwhich, / 3The first person _got the top of the hill is from No. 1 Middle School. AwhichBwho CwhomDthat 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页读书破万卷下笔如有神4The police caught the person _stole his bike. AthatBwhich C
11、whomDwhen 5Hes always ready to help _ whos in trouble.AsomeoneBanyone Cno oneDevery one 三汉译英。1我做的面条很好吃。_ 2我们昨天看见的那个女孩是Jim 的妹妹。_ 3杭州产的丝绸很畅销。_ 4打破窗户的那男孩名叫Roy。_ 5我喜欢读你写的书。_ 状语从句一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1He wants to be a doctor when he _(grow) up. 2They will go to the park if it _(not rain) tomorrow. 3Dont get of
12、f until the bus _(stop).4You wont pass the ex am unless you _(work) hard. 5The students _(talk) when the teacher came in. 6She didn t go to bed until she _(finish) her homework.7The boy will not go there again because he _(not abey) the rules there in the past. 8When I was a boy, I often _(go) skati
13、ng. 9Dont help the girl unless she _(ask).10I know you better than she _(do). 二、单项选择11_ this doctor was very tired, _ he continued the operation. AThough; butBThough; 不填CFor; butDBecause; and 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页读书破万卷下笔如有神12The poor girl didnt go out _ she finishe
14、d her homework.AuntilBwhile CsinceDbut 13If the phone _, can you answer it? AringsBis ringing Cwill ringDrang 14This is _ an interesting movie that we all like to watch it. AsoBtoo CsuchDvery 15Her little sister is _ young _ she cant dress herself.Atoo; toBso; that Csuch; thatDvery; that 16Jack spen
15、ds much money on books, _ he is not so rich. AthoughBwhen CifDbecause 17Youll miss the train _ you hurry up.AunlessBas CifDuntil 18Li Lei knew little about the film _ he saw it yesterday afternoon. AifBsince CuntilDbecause 19Will you come to the dinner party? I won t come unless Jenny _.Awill be inv
16、itedBcan be invited CinvitedDis invited 20They planted the tree _ their father told them. AlikeBas CwhichDwhat 宾语从句一用恰当的连接词连接宾语从句。1I d like to know _you have invited him to the meeting.2I know _ Chinese is spoken in many Southeast countries. 3She couldn t decide _ bus she would take to the zoo.精选学习资
17、料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页读书破万卷下笔如有神4I don t know _ I should tell him the truth.5We were happy to see _ there was hardly any clouds in the blue sky. 6Do you know _ Miss Jones will punish Tom? 7He told me _ he was going to thank Jack. 8Could you let us know _ we will fly over
18、 Hankou? 二合成宾语从句。1He said. They are working hard. _ 2Do you know? Does she study Japanese? _ 3They want to know. How long will you stay there _ 4We think. The workers were late yesterday. _ 5The girl asked. Does the teacher teach English? _ 6I asked him. Will he like to help us? _ 三单项选择。1My uncle re
19、membered _. Awhen we moved to the townBwhen did we move to the town Cwhen we move to the townDwhen do we move to the town 2Can you tell me which floor _? Adoes he live onBhe lives in Cdoes he live inDhe lives on 3Could you tell me _?Glad to help. Aif I have been to the Great Wall Bwhere did he study
20、 Chow I can get to the station Dwhats your name4Our head teacher saw the empty seat next to me and asked _. Awhere has Jeff goneBwhere did Jeff go Cwhere Jeff has beenDwhere Jeff had gone 5I wonder _.Zebras. Awhat do they call these animals Bhow they call these animals Cwhat they call these animals
21、Dhow do hey call these animals 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页读书破万卷下笔如有神答案定语：1B 先行词是物品，用关系代词which 或 that 。2B 先行词是 the house，可以用 which 或 that引导，但 live要加 in 构成 live in the house。3D 先行词是人，用关系代词who或 that ，但先行词前有序数词时，用that 不用 who。4A 先行词是人并在从句中作的主语。5B 根据定语从句的意思是“帮助任何人”。1The noodle
22、s that I cooked were delicious. 2The girl that we saw yesterday was Jims sister. 3The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well. 4The boy who broke the window is called Roy. 5I like to read the books that were written by you. 状语：1grows 时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作。2doesnt rain条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作。3stops 时
23、间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作。4work 条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作。5were talkingwhen的主句用过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。6finished时间状语从句中主句用一般过去时，从句也用过去了的某种时态。7didn t obey原因状语从句根据从句的时间用合适的时态。8went 时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去的某种时态。9asks 条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作。10does 比较状语从句时态应和主句一致。11B 题意：虽然这个医生很累，但是他还要继续做手术。此句需要用引导词引导让步状语从句， though 引导让步状语从句， 但不
24、能和 but 同时出现在句中， 所以答案选 B。12A 题意：这个可怜的女孩直到完成她的家庭作业才出去的。not until意为“直到才”。 while 表转折或对比； since 表原因； but 表转折，均不符合题意。13A题意：如果电话响了，你能接一下吗?if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页读书破万卷下笔如有神14C 题意；这是一个如此有趣的电影，我们都喜欢看。 that引导结果状语从句， such修饰的中心词是名词movie。so 修饰的中心词是形容词，所以选
25、C。15B 题意：她的妹妹如此小以至于不能自己穿衣服。sothat 意为“太以至于”。 too to 意为“太不能”，to 后面跟动词原形；such 修饰的中心词是名词。16A 题意：虽然杰克不富裕，但是他花很多钱买书。根据题意可知主从句是转折的关系所以用though 引导让步状语从句。if表条件； because 表原因； when表时间，均不符合题意。17 A 题意：如果你不快点你就会错过这趟火车。unless 意为 “如果不”。 as 意为 “当时候”； if意为“如果”； until意为“直到”。18 C 题意：直到昨天下午看了电影， 李雷才了解这部电影。 not until意为 “直
26、到才”。19D 题意：“你来参加晚宴吗?”“我不会去的，除非詹妮被邀请去。”主句用将来时态，根据题意条件状语从句应该用一般现在时态代替一般将来时，因为是被邀请所以用被动语态。20B 题意：他们按照父亲告诉他们的方法植树。as 意为“按照”，引导方式状语从句。 like意为“像”； C 、D两项皆不引导状语从句。宾语：1He said that they were working hard. 陈述句作宾语从句， 用连接词 that ，主句用一般过去时， 从句要用相应的过去的时态。2Do you know if she studies Japanese? 一般疑问句作宾语从句，用连接词if或 wh
27、ether ，并用陈述句的词序。3They want to know how long you will stay there. 特殊疑问句作宾语从句，疑问词就是连接词，并用陈述句的词序。4We think that the workers were late yesterday. 陈述句作宾语从句用连接词that 。5The girl asked if (whether) the teacher taught English. 一般疑问句作宾语从句，用连接词if, whether，用陈述句的词序，并用“主句用一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态”。6I asked if (whether) he liked to help us.解释同 5。1A 宾语从句用陈述句的词序，主句用了过去时，从句也用过去了的时态。2D 宾语从句用陈述句的词序，在第几楼用介词on。3C根据答语很乐意提供帮助，这是在问路。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页读书破万卷下笔如有神4D这是宾语从句用陈述句的词序，根据“座位是空的” 说明动作发生在老师问话之前。5C根据句中“称这些动物什么”，并用了陈述句的词序。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页
