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1、Confined SpacesOfficeofEnvironmentalHealth&SafetyEastCarolinaUniversity210EastFourthSt.Greenville,NC27858(252)328-6166safetyecu.eduRescuers Account for Over 60% of Confined Space FatalitiesConfined Space TragediesoThreeconstructionsupervisorsdiefromasphyxiationinamanhole.Oxygenlevels18.520andMethane
2、levels300600ppmTraining Outlineo oWhatisaConfinedSpace?o oConfinedSpacesonCampuso oConfinedSpaceHazardso oPPE&EquipmentRequirementso oTheEntryPermito oDutiesofAuthorizedEntrants,AttendantsandEntrySupervisoro oRescueandEmergencyServiceso oContractorsRegulatory RequirementoOSHA29CFR1910.146:Permit-Req
3、uiredConfinedSpaces-(Jan1993)o oIdentifyConfinedSpacesinWorkplaceIdentifyConfinedSpacesinWorkplaceo oIdentifyhazardsinthesespacesIdentifyhazardsinthesespaceso oIdentifyproceduresforcontrollingthesehazardsIdentifyproceduresforcontrollingthesehazardso oTrainemployeesonconfinedspaceentryTrainemployeeso
4、nconfinedspaceentryo oKeeprecordsofcompliance&trainingforallKeeprecordsofcompliance&trainingforallconfinedspaceactivitiesconfinedspaceactivitiesWhat is a Confined Space?oLargeenoughthatanemployeecanenterandperformassignedworkoHaslimitedorrestrictedmeansforentryorexitoNotdesignedforcontinuousemployee
5、occupancyExampleso otankstankso opitspitso otunnelstunnelso ovaultsvaultso oboilersboilerso osewerssewerso oshaftsshaftso oventilationductsventilationductso ocrawlspacescrawlspacesPermit-RequiredConfined Spaceo oContainsorhasthepotentialtocontainaContainsorhasthepotentialtocontainahazardousatmospher
6、eo oContainsamaterialthathasthepotentialforContainsamaterialthathasthepotentialforengulfinganentrantanentranto oInternalconfigurationthatmightcauseentrantInternalconfigurationthatmightcauseentranttobetrappedorasphyxiatedbytobetrappedorasphyxiatedbyinwardlyconvergingwallsorfloorthatslopesdownwardorfl
7、oorthatslopesdownwardandtaperstoasmallercrosssectionandtaperstoasmallercrosssectiono oContainsanyotherrecognizedseriousContainsanyotherrecognizedserioussafetyorhealthhazardECU Confined SpacesMain CampusNameDescriptionLocationPermit Required SpaceBoilers#1-4Boiler14thSt.SteamPlantYesDATankTank14thSt.
8、SteamPlantYesCondensateTankTank14thSt.SteamPlantYesSteamTunnelManholeMainCampusYesAllSteamManholesManholeMainCampusYesAllElectricalManholesManholeMainCampusYesAllSanitarySewerManholesManholeMainCampusYesAllStormSewerManholesManholeMainCampusYesCrawlSpacesCrawlSpaceMainCampusNoSurgeTankVaultStudentRe
9、cCenterNoSteamCloudVaultJoynerLibraryPlazaNoECU Confined SpacesHealth Sciences CampusNameDescriptionLocationPermit Required SpaceAllManholesManholeHSCYesAllStormDrainLinesOpenLinesHSCNoBackflowVault-LSA#2VaultHSCNoBackflowVault-behindSteamPlantVaultHSCNoBoilers(#1,2,&3)BoilerUtilityPlantYesIncinerat
10、or(Upper&LowerChambers)ChamberUtilityPlantYesDATankTankUtilityPlantYesPipeChasebyHVACOfficeVSUtilityPlantYesHighVoltageUnderMainSwitchGearVTUtilityPlantYesFumeExhaustPlenumRoofVBBrodyYes8thFloorMech.RmP3ExhaustPlenumVSBrodyYesMechRm0031stFloorPitBiotechNoMechRm155TankTankWarrenLifeSciencesYesMechRm1
11、55PitPitWarrenLifeSciencesNoCourtyardSteamPitPitLeoJenkinsYesAllManholesandPitsManholeWestResearchYesAtmospheric HazardsoOxygenLevels-below19.5%orabove23.5%oFlammable/Explosiveexceeds10%ofLowerExplosiveLimit(LEL)oToxicSubstancesexceedPermissibleExposureLimits(PEL)Oxygen DeficiencyoNormalaircontains2
12、1%Oxygen(O2).AnO2levelof19.5%orlessisconsideredO2deficient.oAreductioninO2canbecausedbyrusting,decomposition,orreplacementbyanothergas.oLackofO2cancauseapersontocollapseanddie.Oxygen DeficiencyOxygen Content(% by volume)Signs and Symptoms(at Atmospheric Pressure)19.5%Minimum permissible levels that
13、work can be performed without respirators. Below this level, workers shall be required to wear supplied air respirators.17%Hypoxia symptoms, accelerated breathing and heart rate appear14-16%Accelerated breathing, increased heart rate, poor muscular coordination, fatigue, impaired perception and judg
14、ment.12%Unconsciousness without warning, poor judgment, blue lips 6-10%Nausea, vomiting, and unconsciousness; 8 minutes 100% fatal; 6 minutes, 50% fatal; 4-5 minutes, recovery with treatment.6%Coma in 40 seconds, spasmatic breathing, convulsions, and deathOxygen Enrichmento oO2levelsabove23.5%arecon
15、sidered“OxygenEnriched.”o oOxygenEnrichedatmospherescreatefireandexplosionhazards.o oCauseflammablematerialssuchasclothingtoburnrapidlywhenignitedandmaycausenon-flammablematerialstoignite.Hydrogen Sulfide ExposureConcentrationEffect1 ppmSmell of rotten egg10 ppm8 hr. TWA15 ppm15 min. STEL100 ppmLose
16、 sense of smell300 ppmLoss of consciousness (approx. 20 min.)1000 ppmImmediate respiratory arrest, loss of consciousness, followed by deathCarbon Monoxide ExposureConcentrationEffect35 ppm8 hr. TWA200 ppmCeiling, faint signs of discomfort may begin to appear600 ppmHeadache and discomfort after 1 hou
17、r2500 ppmLoss of consciousness after approximately 30 minutes4000 ppmQuickly fatalCOPoisoningcanbereversedifcaughtintime.Welding in Confined Spaceso oContinuousventilationshouldContinuousventilationshouldbeprovidedintheconfinedbeprovidedintheconfinedspace.Pureoxygenshouldspace.Pureoxygenshouldneverb
18、eusedforventilation.neverbeusedforventilation.o oConductcontinuousmonitoringConductcontinuousmonitoringthroughouttheentrytoensurethroughouttheentrytoensurethatthearearemainssafeforthatthearearemainssafeforentrants.entrants.o oGascylindersandweldingGascylindersandweldingpowersourcesshouldremainpowers
19、ourcesshouldremainoutsidetheconfinedspace.outsidetheconfinedspace. Remember to follow all Confined Space Entry and Welding Safety GuidelinesPhysical HazardsoEngulfmentoTemperatureExtremesoElectricalHazardsoNoiseoSlipperySurfacesEntryoEntryiswhenapersonpassesthroughanopeningintoapermit-requiredconfin
20、edspaceoAnypartoftheentrantsbodybreakstheplaneofanopeningintothespaceBefore Entryo oVentilate,eliminate,orcontrolVentilate,eliminate,orcontrolthespacesatmospherichazardsthespacesatmospherichazardso oBlindordisconnectandcapallBlindordisconnectandcapallinputlinessothatnohazardousinputlinessothatnohaza
21、rdousmaterialscanenterthespacematerialscanenterthespaceo oLockout/TagoutLockout/Tagouto oWhenentrancecoversareWhenentrancecoversareremoved,guardtheopeningremoved,guardtheopeningimmediatelyimmediatelyAtmospheric MonitoringoTestpermitspacebeforeentryoPeriodicallymonitorpermitspacetodetermineifentrycon
22、ditionsaremaintainedoTestallareas(top,middle,&bottom)oObservestatusofexistinghazardsandthosecreatedduringentryoperationsPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE)oFull-bodyHarnessoRespirator(half-mask,PAPR,Air-lineRespirator,etc.)oTyvekSuitoGloves(Nitrile,Welding,etc.)oSafetyGlasses/GogglesEquipment Requir
23、ementso oTestingandmonitoringequipmentTestingandmonitoringequipmento oVentilatingequipmentVentilatingequipmento oCommunicationsequipmentCommunicationsequipmento oLightingequipmentLightingequipmento oBarriersBarrierso oEquipmentneededforsafeentryEquipmentneededforsafeentryandexitandexito oEmergencyeq
24、uipmentEmergencyequipmento oOtherequipmentforsafeentryOtherequipmentforsafeentryThe Entry Permito oPermitmustbecompletedbeforeentryisauthorizedo oEntrysupervisormustsignthepermito oPermitmustbemadeavailableatthetimeofentrysoentrantscanconfirmthatpre-entrypreparationshavebeencompletedThe Entry Permit
25、oDurationmaynotexceedthetimeidentifiedonthepermitoRetaineachcanceledentrypermitforatleast1yeartofacilitatereviewoftheprogramoProblemsencounteredduringentryshallbenotedonthepermitsothatappropriaterevisionscanbemadetotheprogramContents of The Entry Permit1.Permitspacetobeentered2.Purposeoftheentry3.Da
26、teandtheauthorizeddurationoftheentrypermit4.Authorizedentrants5.Attendants6.EntrysupervisorwithaspaceforthesignatureContents of The Entry Permit7.Hazardsofthepermitspace8.Measuresusedtoisolatethepermitspaceandtoeliminateorcontrolpermitspacehazardsbeforeentry9.Acceptableentryconditions10.Resultsofini
27、tialandperiodictests,namesorinitialsofthetestersandwhenthetestswereperformedContents of The Entry Permit11.Rescueandemergencyservices12.Communicationprocedures13.Equipment(personalprotectiveequipment,testingequipment,communicationsequipment,alarmsystems,rescueequipment,etc.)14.Anyotherinformationnec
28、essaryinordertoensureemployeesafetyDuties of Authorized EntrantsoUnderstandallpotentialhazardsoKnowwhatequipmenttouse&howtouseitproperlyoCommunicatewithattendantregularlyoIftheunexpectedoccursalerttheattendantDuties of Authorized EntrantsEVACUATEtheconfinedspacewhen:oOrdertoevacuateisgivenbytheatten
29、dantortheentrysupervisoroEntrantrecognizesanywarningsignorsymptomofexposuretoadangeroussituationoEvacuationalarmisactivatedDuties of Attendantso o AttendantAttendant-stationed-stationedoutsidepermitspace;outsidepermitspace;monitorsentrantsmonitorsentrantso oKnowthehazardsincludingKnowthehazardsinclu
30、dingsigns,symptomsandsigns,symptomsandconsequencesofexposureconsequencesofexposureo oContinuouslymaintainsContinuouslymaintainsaccuratecountofentrantsinaccuratecountofentrantsinpermitspacepermitspaceo oRemainsoutsidethepermitRemainsoutsidethepermitspaceduringentryuntilspaceduringentryuntilrelievedby
31、anotherattendantrelievedbyanotherattendantDuties of Attendantso oCommunicatewithentrantstomonitorentrantCommunicatewithentrantstomonitorentrantstatusandtoalertentrantsiftheneedtostatusandtoalertentrantsiftheneedtoevacuatearisesevacuateariseso oMonitoractivitiesinside&outsidethespaceandMonitoractivit
32、iesinside&outsidethespaceandkeepunauthorizedindividualsaway.keepunauthorizedindividualsaway.o oSummonEmergencyServicesSummonEmergencyServiceso oPerformnon-entryrescueswhenapplicablePerformnon-entryrescueswhenapplicableandtheyhavetrainingandtheyhavetrainingo oPerformnodutiesthatmightinterferewithPerf
33、ormnodutiesthatmightinterferewithprimarydutytomonitorandprotectentrantsprimarydutytomonitorandprotectentrantsDuties of Entry Supervisoro o EntrysupervisorEntrysupervisor-personresponsiblefor-personresponsiblefordeterminingifacceptableentryconditionsaredeterminingifacceptableentryconditionsarepresent
34、,forauthorizingentry,overseeingentrypresent,forauthorizingentry,overseeingentryoperations,andforterminatingentryasrequiredoperations,andforterminatingentryasrequiredo oAnentrysupervisoralsomayserveasanAnentrysupervisoralsomayserveasanattendantorasanentrant,aslongasthatattendantorasanentrant,aslongas
35、thatpersonistrainedandequippedtodosopersonistrainedandequippedtodosoo oKnowthehazardsincludingsigns,symptoms,andconsequencesofexposureDuties of Entry SupervisoroVerifythattheentrypermitiscomplete,alltestshavebeenconductedandallproceduresandequipmentareinplacebeforeallowingentrytobeginoVerifythatresc
36、ueservicesareavailableandthatthemeansforsummoningthemareoperableoRemoveunauthorizedindividualswhoenterorattempttoenterthespaceRescue and Emergency Serviceso oSelf-Rescueo oNon-entryRescueo oGreenvilleFire/RescueCall911o oECUshallinformGFRofthehazardstheymayencounteronsiteo oProvidetherescueproviderw
37、ithaccesstoallpermitspacessotheycandeveloprescueplansandpracticerescueoperationsRescue Equipmento oEachentrantshalluseafullbodyharness(andaretrievallineiffeasible)o oAmechanicalretrievaldevice(Tripod)shallbeavailableforverticaltypepermitspacesmorethan5feetdeepo oRetrievalsystemsshallbeusedunlessthey
38、increasetheoverallriskofentryorwouldnotcontributetotherescueProgram Reviewo oReviewentryoperationswhenthereisreasontoReviewentryoperationswhenthereisreasontobelievethatmeasurestakenmaynotprotectbelievethatmeasurestakenmaynotprotectemployeesandrevisetheprogrambeforeemployeesandrevisetheprogrambefores
39、ubsequententriessubsequententrieso oReviewthepermitspaceprogramannuallyandReviewthepermitspaceprogramannuallyandrevisetheprogramasnecessarytoensurethatrevisetheprogramasnecessarytoensurethatemployeesparticipatinginentryoperationsareemployeesparticipatinginentryoperationsareprotectedprotectedo oIfyou
40、haveanyquestions,concerns,orIfyouhaveanyquestions,concerns,orrecommendationsletyoursupervisorand/orrecommendationsletyoursupervisorand/orEH&Sknow.EH&Sknow.ECU Shallo oInformcontractorthatworkplacecontainspermitInformcontractorthatworkplacecontainspermitspacesandentryisallowedonlyincompliancespacesan
41、dentryisallowedonlyincompliancewithpermitspaceprogramwithpermitspaceprogramo oInformcontractorofthehazardsthatmaketheInformcontractorofthehazardsthatmakethespaceapermitspacespaceapermitspaceo oInformcontractorofprecautionsfortheprotectionInformcontractorofprecautionsfortheprotectionofemployeesinorne
42、arpermitspaceswhereofemployeesinornearpermitspaceswheretheywillbeworkingtheywillbeworkingo oCoordinateentryoperationswiththecontractor,Coordinateentryoperationswiththecontractor,whenbothUniversitypersonnelandcontractorwhenbothUniversitypersonnelandcontractorpersonnelwillbeworkinginornearpermitperson
43、nelwillbeworkinginornearpermitspaces.spaces.Contractors Shallo oAllcontractorsperformingworkinConfinedAllcontractorsperformingworkinConfinedSpacesonECUCampusSpacesonECUCampusmustmusthaveaConfinedhaveaConfinedSpaceProgram.SpaceProgram.o oContractorsContractorsmustmusthavetheirownequipmenthavetheirown
44、equipmentincludingmonitoringdeviceandrescueincludingmonitoringdeviceandrescueequipment.equipment.o oCoordinatewithemployerwhenbothhostCoordinatewithemployerwhenbothhostpersonnelandcontractorpersonnelwillbepersonnelandcontractorpersonnelwillbeworkinginornearspacesworkinginornearspaceso oDebriefemploy
45、erattheconclusionofentryDebriefemployerattheconclusionofentryo oContractorshallinformtheemployeroftheofContractorshallinformtheemployeroftheofanyhazardsconfrontedorcreatedanyhazardsconfrontedorcreated QUESTIONS?safetyecu.edu328-6166Quiz1.WhichofthefollowingisnotaConfinedSpace?1.Whichofthefollowingis
46、notaConfinedSpace?A.BoilerA.BoilerB.ManholeB.ManholeC.TankC.TankD.SmallMechanicalRoomD.SmallMechanicalRoom2.Theleadingcauseofdeathinconfinedspacesaccidentsis2.TheleadingcauseofdeathinconfinedspacesaccidentsisA.AsphyxiationA.AsphyxiationB.BurnsB.BurnsC.ElectrocutionC.ElectrocutionD.FallsD.Falls3.Theh
47、ighertheO3.ThehighertheO2 2levelinsidethespacethebetter.levelinsidethespacethebetter. (True/False)(True/False)4.Ifyouneedtoenteraspacebriefly“justtotakeaquicklook,”youdo4.Ifyouneedtoenteraspacebriefly“justtotakeaquicklook,”youdonotneedapermit.(True/False)notneedapermit.(True/False)5.5.Oneofthecharac
48、teristicsofaconfinedspaceisthatitisnotdesignedforpeopletoworkincontinuously.(True/False)6.ItisOKfortheAttendanttogototheshopforsupplies/partsaslong6.ItisOKfortheAttendanttogototheshopforsupplies/partsaslongasthemonitoringresultsarewithinacceptablelimits.(True/False)asthemonitoringresultsarewithinacc
49、eptablelimits.(True/False)7.Ifyougetapermitforaparticularconfinedspaceforoneday,butdontuseit;youcansaveitforthenexttimeyouneedtoenterthatspace.(True/False)8.Atmospherictestingoftheconfinedspacemustbedoneatthe_.A.TopB.MiddleC.BottomD.Alloftheabove.9.WhenweldinginaconfinedspaceA.EH&Smustbenotifiedwhen
50、permitisrequestedB.PureO2shouldbeusedtoventilatethespaceC.AllWeldingSafetyaswellasConfinedSpaceGuidelinesshouldbefollowedD.A&ConlyE.Alloftheabove10.WhenacontractorisworkinginaconfinedspaceoncampusA.ThecontractormusthavetheirownCSProgramB.ThecontractorshouldbepreventedfromenteringthespaceiftheydonothaveallthenecessaryequipmentC.IfacontractorisenteringthespacewithECUemployees;itisOKfortheECUemployeetomonitorforallentrantsD.A&BOnlyE.Alloftheabove
