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1、中考总中考总复习复习石阡县青阳中学石阡县青阳中学 杜永红杜永红2014年年10月月10日日宾主从句宾主从句一一 . 定义定义 简单的说简单的说 , 宾宾语从语从句就是一个或句就是一个或是是几个几个从句充当主句中从句充当主句中的宾的宾语语成分。成分。二二 . 主要类型主要类型 1） . 由连接代词或连接副词引导。由连接代词或连接副词引导。 连接代词或连接副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后连接代词或连接副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后能用作宾语，这些动词有能用作宾语，这些动词有see , say , tell , ask ,answer , know , decide , wonder , unders
2、tand , discuss ,show等等：等等： e.g Do you know what he has said ? Can you tell me which class you are in ? Do you know what kind of person she is ? Lets see how we can finish the hard work . Have you decided whom you would visit tomorrow ? Please show me where your passport is . Lucy still wondered why
3、he couldnt pass the exam . 2） . 由连词由连词 whether 或或 if 引导。（口语中常用引导。（口语中常用 if ） e.g She asked me if she could borrow these books . Lily wanted to know if / whether her grandma liked the handbag . 注：注：1)中所列的动词后也常可用中所列的动词后也常可用 whether , if 引导的引导的从句作宾语；从句作宾语； e.g Im wondering if the letter is over - weigh
4、t . I dont know whether this answer is right . 另外，这种从句前面有时还可以另有宾语。另外，这种从句前面有时还可以另有宾语。 e.g Please tell me which book I should read first . You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus stop . Did she say anything about how the work was to be done ？ 3)由由that引导。（引导。（ 在口语或非正式文体中常省略在口语或非正式文体中
5、常省略 ） e.g He knew ( that ) he should work hard . He said ( that ) he would like to see the Headmaster . 注意：在某些句型中，特别是带复合宾语的句子中，注意：在某些句型中，特别是带复合宾语的句子中，that 引导的从句常常移到后面去，前面用一个引导的从句常常移到后面去，前面用一个 it 作形式作形式上的宾语。上的宾语。(但是，有时但是，有时 it 也可以省略）也可以省略） e.g We all thought it a pity that she couldnt come . I took h
6、is word for it that he would try his best to help us .（他说他要想一切办法帮我们，我相（他说他要想一切办法帮我们，我相信他说的是真话。）信他说的是真话。） I take it that we are to leave early .（我想我们（我想我们动身是会很早的。动身是会很早的。）三三 . 宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况 1.引导词引导词 由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词 that 等引导，并且在口语等引导，并且在口语中常常省略此词：中常常省略此词：e.g He said （ tha
7、t ）he had a new dictionary . I know ( that ) Lucy can play football very well . 但是，如果但是，如果 that 引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时，引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时，最后一个最后一个 that 不能省略。不能省略。 e.g I know ( that ) Tom comes from France and that he teaches in a middle school in Guilin now . 由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用 whether 或
8、或 if 引导，并且两词可以互用。但是引导，并且两词可以互用。但是 whether 可以和可以和 or not 连用，而连用，而 if 不能。不能。 e.g I want to know whether ( if ) she still lives there . Please tell me whether you can come or not . 由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，由特殊疑问词由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，由特殊疑问词 who , whom , whose , which , when , where , why , how 等等引导引导 。 e.g I dont know wh
9、ose book it is . Do you know where our English teacher lives ? The teacher asked what was happening . He wanted to know why you can play the piano so well .2 . 语句的顺序语句的顺序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后主语在前，谓语在后”的的顺序。顺序。 e.g Could you tell me how I can get to
10、 the Science Museum ? He asked him where he came from . Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？ Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .3 . 时态的变化时态的变化 . 当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。一种时态。 e.g T
11、om has been to Guilin twice . she will come tomorrow .I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . he is interested in English .当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。相互一致。 e.g he would go to Xian . he was ill yesterday .He said ( that ) he was r
12、eading a book . he had had supper already . 当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。 e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that no news is good news . We should know what he said is only the
13、 truth . I know that he is an exellent student . The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .4 . 标点符号标点符号 宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。时，句末则用问号。 e.g He asked me if / whether I could help hi
14、m . Please tell me which colour you like best . Do you know where Li Ping is ? Could you tell me how to go the No.28 Middle School ? Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ?5 . 宾语从句的否定形式宾语从句的否定形式 一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是样的。但若主句谓语动词是 think , expect , bel
15、ieve , guess , imagine , suppose 等表示等表示“认为，猜想认为，猜想”的词的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。 e.g I dont think its going to rain . I dont believe she will lend you the money . 但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是 hope ，则不适用于这，则不适用于这种规则。种规则。 e.g I hope he wont come .6 . 宾语从句中的特殊情形宾语从句中的特殊情形 在把简单句变为复合句的
16、练习中，千万要注意：在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意： 句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用而应该用 “ ask sb. to do sth. ” 的句式。的句式。 e.g Dont open the door . （用（用 they 作主语变为宾语从作主语变为宾语从句）句） They ask not to open the door . 代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。就应该考虑代词的变化。 e.g “ I come from Ca
17、nada ” , Lucy says . Lucy says that she comes from Canada . 若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或或 did 时，要去时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。 e.g I asked Tom , “ What do you like b
18、est ? ” I asked Tom what he liked best . The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ” He asked who could carry the box . 五五 . 专项练习专项练习 1、Do you know how much hot water? AMum is neededBdoes Mum need CMum need
19、sDdid Mum need 2、Can you tell me? Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is whereDwhat is he 3、I didnt know how to London? Awould they goBare they going Cthey would goDthey are going 4、I want to know how long Ahas he been back Bhas he come back Che has been back Dhe has come back 5、Do you know? Awhat the new
20、s are Bwhat is the news Cwhat the news is Dwhat are the news 6.- is true that she may fall behind the others. A.There B.This C.That D.It 7.The foreign friends think - the Chinese people are very friendly. A.that B.if C.since D.because 8.Id like to know - Chinese. A.when he began to learn B.when did he begin to learn C.when did he begin learning D.for how long he began to learn 9.The teacher asked us - the classroom after school. A.cleaned B.clean C.to clean D.cleans 参考答案：参考答案： CACCC DAAC
