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1、Readingcomprehension:Howtocatchthemainidea王登红高考阅读理解命题背景从高考命题来看，readingcomprehension在考察考生阅读能力的同时，融入了社会主义核心价值观，引导考生关心他人、关注人与社会，弘扬诚信、礼貌等中华美德。注重传承和发扬中华民族优秀文化成果，渗透中外文化知识。所选题材贴近生活，凸显了高考英语命题的育人功能，积极传播正能量。高考英语阅读理解A、B、C、D四篇文章的特点A简单的广告类简单的广告类anadvertisement应用文应用文praticalwritingveryeasyB人与自我，人与生活（充满生活气息）interp
2、eronalrelationship/peopleandlife记叙文narrativeeasyC人与自然humanandnature说明文/科普文exposition/scientificarticledifficult/verydifficultD人与社会humanandsociety说明文/科普文exposition/scientificarticledifficult/verydifficultideas from students who are good at English高考高考阅读理解理解B篇篇为记叙文。（叙文。（简单）方向：方向：人与自我，人与生活（充满生活气息）如何抓住如
3、何抓住这类记叙文的主旨大意？叙文的主旨大意？答：理解记叙文就要弄清时间、地点、人物、事件。答：理解记叙文就要弄清时间、地点、人物、事件。透过事件带来的结果、影响、讲述的道理就是主旨。透过事件带来的结果、影响、讲述的道理就是主旨。张颖张颖How to catch the main idea?Finding the topic sentence is a good choice. -官馨旸官馨旸Howtofindthetopicsentence.在首段和末段找位于forexample,forinstance,take.asanexample,first,second.之前位于inconclusio
4、n,inaword,allinall,thus,so,therefore.之后首末段没有，中间找位于however,but,yet,onthecontrary,incontrast,instead,not.but.之后高考阅读理解高考阅读理解C、D篇为说明文（困难）篇为说明文（困难）方向：方向：humanandnature、humanandsociety主旨大意题知识点总述1.考察方式：Whatsthemainidea?Whatsbesttitle?Whatstheauthorspurpose?Whatstheauthorsattitude?2 解题方法（B篇记叙文）抓记叙文的主旨（maini
5、dea/besttitleautherspurpose/attitude) 跳过记叙的表达 最后一段 寻找议论的表达 有 没有 就是它 就是一则故事而已 记叙文例题讲解1.WhatwasMrs.Smithsattitudetotheauthorattheendofthestory?_A.AngryB.ImpatientC.SympatheticD.Encouraging2.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?_A.Thedisabledshouldbetreatedwithrespect.B.Ateachercanopenupanewworldtostudents.C.
6、Onecanfindhiswayoutofdifficultieswithefforts.D.Everyoneneedsahandwhenfacedwithchallenges.Atthirteen,Iwasdiagnosed（诊断）withakindofattentiondisorder.Itmadeschooldifficultforme.Wheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingontasks,Icouldnot.Inmyfirstliteratureclass,Mrs.Smithaskedustoreadastoryandthenwriteonit,al
7、lwithin45minutes.Iraisedmyhandrightawayandsaid,“Mrs.Smith,yousee,thedoctorsaidIhaveattentionproblems.Imightnotbeabletodoit.”Sheglanceddownatmethroughherglasses,“youarenodifferentfromyourclassmates,youngman.”Itried,butIdidntfinishthereadingwhenthebellrang.Ihadtotakeithome.Inthequietnessofmybedroom,th
8、estorysuddenlyallbecamecleartome.Itwasaboutablindperson,LouisBraille.Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldntgetmucheducation.ButLouisdidntgiveup.Instead,heinventedareadingsystemofraiseddots（点）,whichopenedupawholenewworldofknowledgetotheblind.WasntIthe“blind”inmyclass,beingmadetolearnlikethe“sighted”studen
9、ts?Mythoughtsspilledoutandmypenstartedtodance.Icompletedthetaskwithin40minutes.Indeed,Iwasnodifferentfromothers;Ijustneededaquieterplace.IfLouiscouldfindhiswayoutofhisproblems,whyshouldIevergiveup?IdidntexpectanythingwhenIhandedinmypapertoMrs.Smith,soitwasquiteasurprisewhenitcamebacktomethenextday-w
10、ithan“A”onit.Atthebottomofthepaperwerethesewords:“Seewhatyoucandowhenyoukeeptrying?”2 解题方法（C、D篇说明文）首尾句浏览法：中心句。中心句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（也有开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的中心句）仔细阅读各段的首尾句是关键，做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法skimming/skipping,只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句或尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。3 难点：很多同学没有主题句的概念，倾向于阅读全文，眉毛胡子一把抓，不懂得总结归纳主题句的逻辑。4 小心陷阱以偏概全：某段
11、或某部分的正确信息，但是不能概括全文无中生有：原文中没有的信息却放在选项里高大上：用一个很大的标题或用一个晦涩难懂的句子概括全文经典高考题详解2017全国卷（三）阅读理解C篇1Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.（万无一失法：读各段首句）2Whatistheautho
12、rsattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject？A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.299词Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.Grayw
13、olvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewo
14、lveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulationsmajorfoodsources(来源)forthewolfgrewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageoftheparksredfoxes,andcompletelydrove
15、awaytheparksbeavers.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwitha
16、plantoreintroducethewolvers.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredforeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluable
17、experimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.经典高考题详解2017全国卷（三）阅读理解D篇Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnewModelElectricCarB.ASolutiontoTrafficProblemC.DrivingServiceforeldersD.KeepingOlderDriversontheRoad330词TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhav
18、eturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwell-beingamongolderpeople,leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated(隔绝)andinactive.LedbyP
19、rofessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.Theseincludecustom-madenavigation(导航)tools,nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedadaptations.PhilBlytheexplains:“Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingalon
20、eorinthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.”“Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdrivingski
21、lls.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto.”DrAmyGuo,theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy,explains,“TheDriveLABishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeypointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.“Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwa
22、ysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebutsurprisingly,wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.Werelookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.“Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions(解决方案
23、)toensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel.”Passage1（说明文）DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesitisimportanttodistinguishtelevisionsinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily.WetendtoblameTV,hesays,forproblemsitdoesntreallycause,overlookingourownrolesinshapingchildrensminds.Foryearsresearch
24、ershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangeroustochildren.However,byshowingthattelevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved,Andersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluencesmain idea:Family has a greater influence on children compared with televi
25、sion.1.Aneducationalprogramisbestwatchedbyachild_.A.onhisownB.withotherkidsC.withhisparentsD.withhisteachers2.Whichofthefollowingismostrelatedtochildrensreadingability?_A.Radio-listeningB.Television-watchingC.ParentsreadinglistD.Parentseducationalbackground3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?_A.ToadviseontheeducationaluseofTV.B.TodescribeTVsharmfuleffectsonchildren.C.ToexplaintraditionalviewsonTVinfluences.DTopresentAndersonsunconventionalideas阅读理解之解题小技巧：积极的是解，消极的不是解合理项是解，不合理项不是解事实是解，无关项不是解，绝对项不是解（never、all、only、nothing.）关于主旨：具体的不是解，概括的是解Homework：Finishreadingpractice:Passage2
