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1、虚拟语气语法讲解附带练习题虚拟语气表示用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是 事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气的重点是：虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、 意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，含蓄条件 句中的虚拟语气和表示愿望的虚拟形式等。(一) 虚拟语气的常见句型(1) 由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：A 用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去 式(be动词用were)。B 用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为： would,could,migh t+动词原形。C w
2、ish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动 词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。(2) had hoped引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would+动词原形，表示一种过 去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示 过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：Id rather you posted the letter right away.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出 去。I would prefer he didn t stay there too long.我
3、倒希望他不要在那儿呆得 太久。I would jus t as soon you had retu rned the book yes terday .我真希望你昨天 把这本书还了。(4)1 ts (high,about) time that句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动 词要用过去式。例如：Its very late.Its time we had to go.天太晚了，我们得走了。(二) 特殊形式的虚拟语气（l）should（可省略）+动词原形用于如下结构中的that从句中。A 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，例如:He ordered th
4、at parking be prohibited on Main street during the rush hour. 他下令在（交通）高峰期间禁止在大街上停车。Tom insisted that his Leadership be recognized by all the boys. 汤姆坚持让所有男孩接受他的领导。这类动词还有：ask 要求 advise 建议 arrange 安排 beg 请求 command 命令 decide 决定 demand 要求 desire 渴望 det ermine 决定 insis t 坚持 int end 打算main tain坚持，主张move建
5、议，动员propose提议object反对order命令prefer 建议 require 需要 request 要求 resolve 下决心recommend 推荐 suggest 建议 stipulate约定，规定 urge 强调，促进 vote 公认, 提议decree颁布（法令）pray请求B 用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，例如:It is appropriate that some time be devoted to thorough study of the resuIts of the Apollo mission.拿出时间对阿波罗登月计划的结果做详细研究是恰当
6、的。This is their resolution that extra curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。这类形容词或分词有：advisable 合理的 decided 决定的 crucial 关键的 appropriate 恰当的 determined 决定的commanded命令的arranged安排的essential紧要的，基本的complied 遵照anxious焦急的imperative迫切的important重要的desirable合意的 be
7、tter较好的，更好insis tent坚持的desired想要asked请求keen渴望的 incredible难以置信的adamant坚定不移的nat ural自然的insis ted坚持 necessary必要的suggested建议urgent紧迫的ordered命令shocked震惊的 vital极其重要的possible可能的st range奇怪的preferable好一点proposed 提议 requested 要求的 required 要求的 recommended 推荐 resolved 决定的 probable可能的pity可惜，憾事shame遗憾C 表示建议、要求、命令
8、、请求等含义的名词引导表语从句和同位语从句，例如:The motion is that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。这类名词常见的有：advice 忠告 decision 决定 demand 要求 desire 要求、愿望 insistence 坚持motion 提议necessity必要性order命令preference偏爱，选择proposal提议pray恳 求 recommendation 推荐 request 要求 requirement 要求 r
9、esolution 决心 suggestion 劝告，忠告(2) 虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如： She often laughs spo nt aneously,and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above. 她常常发出发自内心 的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。They talked as if they had been friends for ye
10、ars.他们交谈着，就好像他 们是多年的老朋友一样。She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。(3) 由连接词 in case,so that,unless,lost,for fear that 引起的状语从句中， 谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might,would)+动词原形，例如：She put a blanke t over the baby for fear that he should catch cold .她在 那个婴儿的身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。(三) 含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗
11、示存在 虚拟条件。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有:favourable condition 等。（2）连词，如：so that,unless, in case,supposing,lest,provided （倘若 ）, for fear that （惟恐）,insgroupsthat,on condition that,if only（要是就好了）等。（注：lest,for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原 形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。）例如：The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case w
12、e misunderstood him. 这位外籍 教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。练习题，自测一下：1. Its time that youhome and Id rat her youagain to morrow.A. would go ; would comeB. went ; came2. He insis ted that heno help.A. would needB. neededC. needD. ne
13、eds3. I really wish such a noisesoon.A. had sto ppedB. would stopC. sto ppedD. willstop4. I you a more valuable present for your birthday, but I was shortof money at that time.A. much have bought B. had boughtC. would have bought D. wouldbuy5. If she could sew, sheherself a shir t.6. he come, the pr
14、oblem would be sett led.A. WouldB. ShouldC. ShallD.If7. I to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.A. would have hoped B. was hopingC. had hopedD.hoped8. Its necessary that each childthe rules.A. mus t obeyB. still obeyC. obeysD.obey9. The officer gave the order that soldiers to go out
15、 at nightA. mus tnt be allowed B. not be allowed C. be not allowedD.shouldn t allow10. His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan.A. shouldnt agreeB. wouldn t agree C. hadn t agreedD.didn t agree11. You to the meeting yesterday . What was the reason for yourabsence?A. had comeB. cameC. would have come D. shouldhave come12. Hethe job well, but heso careless.A. hadnt done ; had beenB. could have done ; wasC. could do ; wasD. had done ; had been13. There was plenty of time, she have hurried.A. wouldn tB. needn tC. couldn tD
