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1、初中英语被动语态英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。学习被动语态，我们要了解以下几点： 一在哪些情况下使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者时。 (这时可省 by 短语)。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on t
2、he bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。1. 被动语态的基本时态变化以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for
3、 the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5） had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed i
4、n Beijing.6） was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.7） shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8） should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.2.含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其
5、时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时） Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 三、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. （2）将
6、动词改为be+过去分词。 注意： They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday. （3）将主动句的主语改为by的宾语，放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth. We were to
7、ld the truth by Jack. Jack told the truth to us. The truth was told to us by Jack. Tom gave me a pen.(主) I was given a pen by Tom.(被) Tom gave a pen to me. （主） A pen was given to me by Tom.(被) write, make, bring等的被动语态则只能以直接宾语（表物）作主语。 You brought me a big cake. (主) A big cake was brought to me by you
8、. (被) She wrote me a letter.(主) A letter was written to me by her.(被) 四注意事项： 1. 主动语态变为被动语态，句子的时态保持不变。 I will give him a pen.(主) He will be given a pen by me.(被) 我将给他一支笔。 2. 在感官动词或使役动词后作补语的动词，在被动语态中用不定式。 1）I heard you talk with Peter. (主) 我听到你和彼得谈话。 You were heard to talk with Peter. (被) 2）I saw her
9、come out of the classroom.(主) 我看见她出了教室。 She was seen to come out of the classroom by me.(被) 3）make/let sb do sth Sb be made/let to do sth 3. 主动语态中如用people, somebody等作主语，被动语态中可省略宾语。 People eat watermelons in the summer.(主) Watermelons are eaten in the summer.(被) 在夏天吃西瓜。 4. 否定句的被动语态中，not放在第一个助动词后。 1)
10、You should not blame me. (主) 你不应该责怪我。 I should not be blamed by you. (被) 2) You should not write this letter.(主) 你不应该写这封信。 This letter should not be written by you.(被) 5. 疑问句的被动语态中，用BE代替DO。 1) Does she drive this car?(主) Is this car driven by her?(被) 2) What shall we do next?(主) What will be done by
11、 us next?(被) 6. 祈使句的被动语态形式为：let+宾语+be+过去分词。 Open the door please.(主) Let the door be opened please.(被) 7. 主动语态中有复合人称代名词时，被动语态的形式为:主动语态的主语+BE+过去分词。 Tom hurt himself. (主) Tom was hurt. (被) 8. 下列动词（词组）没有被动式： 1）系动词：以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有： be动词 起来（7个）：look, sound, smell, taste, feel , seem, appear e.g. She
12、seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. 保持：keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 2）happen, take place, break out（爆发）, belong to ,cost, take
13、3）不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 1、An accident was happened yesterday.（）昨天发生了一起事故。 An accident happened yesterday. 2、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。 3、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。 4、This book sells well.这本书畅销。 5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。 6
14、、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。 8、The door wont close/shut. 这门关不上。 9、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。 10、This material wears well (wont wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久） 六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例） 1一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done） English is spoken by lots of people
15、 in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2一般过去时(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speec
