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1、乙醚的性质1.乙醚为无色、透明、易流动的液体，挥发性极大，它的蒸气有芳香味，但有麻醉性。沸点34.6C、凝固 点一116C，所以能耐剧冷而不凝冻。比重很轻，在15C时为0.720。微溶于水，能溶于乙醇、苯、氯仿等 有机溶剂中。常用有机溶剂共沸点溶剂沸点/c共沸点/c含水量/%氯仿61.256.12.5甲苯110.585.020四氯化碳77.066.04.0正丙醇97.287.728.8苯80.469.28.8异丁醇108.489.988.2丙稀腈78.070.013.0二甲苯137-40.5 92.0 37.5二氯乙烷83.772.019.5正丁醇117.792.237.5乙睛82.076.0
2、16.0吡啶115.594.042乙醇78.378.14.4异戊醇131.095.149.6乙酸乙酯77.170.48.0正戊醇138.395.444.7异丙醇82.480.412.1氯乙醇129.097.859.0乙醚3534 10二硫化碳46442.0甲酸10110726溶剂 mp bp D420 nD20Acetic acid 乙酸17 1181.0491.37166.1512.91.68Acetone 丙酮-95 560.7881.358720.716.22.85Acetonitrile 乙腈-44 820.7821.344137.511.13.45Anisole 苯甲醚-3 1540
3、.9941.51704.33331.38Benzene 苯5800.8791.50112.2726.20.00Bromobenzene 溴苯-311561.4951.55805.1733.71.55Carbon disulfide二硫化碳-112461.2741.62952.621.30.00Carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳-23 77 1.5941.46012.2425.80.00Chlorobenzene 氯苯-46 132 1.1061.52485.6231.21.54Chloroform 氯仿-64 61 1.4891.44584.81211.15Cyclohexan
4、e 环己烷6 81 0.778 1.42622.0227.70.00Dibutyl ether 丁醚-98 142 0.7691.39923.140.81.18o -Dichlorobenzene 邻二氯苯-17 181 1.3061.55149.9335.92.271,2-Dichloroethane 1，2-二氯乙烷-36 841.2531.444810.36211.86Dichloromethane 二氯乙烷-95 401.3261.42418.93161.55Diethylamine二乙胺-50 560.7071.38643.624.30.92Diethyl ether乙醚-117 3
5、50.7131.35244.3322.11.301,2-Dimethoxyethane 1，2-二甲氧基乙烷-68 85 0.8631.37967.224.11.71N,N -Dimethylacetamide N,N-二甲基乙酰胺-20 166 0.9371.438437.824.23.72N,N -DimethylformamideN, N-二甲基甲酰胺-60 152 0.9451.430536.719.93.86Dimethyl sulfoxide 二甲基亚砜19 189 1.0961.478346.720.13.901,4-Dioxane 1， 4-二氧六环12 101 1.0341.
6、42242.2521.60.45Ethanol 乙醇-114 78 0.7891.361424.512.81.69Ethyl acetate 乙酸乙酯-84 77 0.9011.37246.0222.31.88Ethyl benzoate 苯甲酸乙酯-35 213 1.0501.50526.0242.52.00Formamide 甲酰胺3 211 1.1331.4475111.010.63.37Hexamethylphosphoramide7 235 1.0271.458830.047.75.54Isopropyl alcohol 异丙醇-90 82 0.7861.377217.917.51.
7、66isopropyl ether 异丙醚-60 68 1.36Methanol 甲醇-98 650.7911.328432.78.21.702-Methyl-2-propanol 2-甲基-2-丙醇26 820.7861.387710.922.21.66Nitrobenzene硝基苯6 2111.2041.556234.8232.74.02Nitromethane硝基甲烷-28 1011.1371.381735.8712.53.54Pyridine 吡啶-42 1150.9831.510212.424.12.37tert-butyl alcohol 叔丁醇25.5 82.5 1.3878Te
8、trahydrofuran 四氢呋喃-109 66 0.8881.40727.5819.91.75Toluene 甲苯-95 111 0.8671.49692.3831.10.43Trichloroethylene 三氯乙烯-86 87 1.4651.47673.425.50.81Triethylamine 三乙胺-115 90 0.7261.40102.4233.10.87Trifluoroacetic acid 三氟乙酸-15 72 1.4891.28508.5513.72.262,2,2-Trifluoroethanol 2，2，2-三氟乙醇-44 77 1.3841.29108.551
9、2.42.52Water 水0 100 0.9981.333080.13.71.82o -Xylene 邻二甲苯-25 144 0.8801.50542.5735.80.62Common Organic Solvents: Table of Properties1,2,3SolventformulaMWboiling poin t (C)melting poin t (C)density (g/mL)solubility in water (g/100g)DielectrieCons tant 3,4flash poi nt(oC)acetic acidCHO24260.0511816.61.
10、049Miscible6.1539acetoneCHO3658.0856.2-94.30.786Miscible20.7(25)-18acetonitrileCHN2 341.0581.6-460.786Miscible37.56benzeneCH6 678.1180.15.50.8790.182.28-11SolventformulaMWboiling meltingsolubilitydensityDielectric flashpoin t (C)poin t (C)(g/mL)in water (g/100g)Cons tant 3,4poin t (oC)1-butanolCH O4
11、 1074.12117.6-89.50.816.317.8352-butanolCHO4 1074.12981150.8081515.8(25)262-butanoneCHO4 872.1179.6-86.30.80525.618.5-7tbutyl alcoholCH O41074.1282.225.50.786Miscible12.511carbon tetrachlorideCCl4153.8276.7-22.41.5940.082.24-chlorobenzeneCHCl65112.56131.7-45.61.10660.052.7129chloroformCHCl3119.3861.7-63.71.4980.7954.81-cyclohexaneCH6 1284.1680.76.60.7790.12.02-201,2dichloroethaneCH Cl24 298.9683.5-35.31.2450.86110.4213diethyl etherCHO4 1074.1234.6-116.30.7137.54.34-45diethylene glycolCHO4 10 3106.12245-101.1181031.7143diglyme (diethylene glycolCH O134.17162-680.943Miscible
