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1、)八年级下册 Unit1 Helping those in need一、 词汇单词词性及词义词汇拓展raisev. 筹募,增加,提高,饲养近义词:put up举起;提高keep饲养permission n. 准许,批准近义词:agreementpermit v. 允许disabledadj. 失去能力的,残疾的ability n.能力able adj. 能be able to do sth. 能做某事teenagern. 青少年teenage adj. 青少年的offerv. 主动提出be willing to do somethingoffer to do sth. 主动提出做某事offer
2、 sth to sb = offer sb sth 向某人提供某物sufferv. (因疾病等)受苦,受折磨serious adj. 严重的seriously adv. 认真地,严重地illnessn. (某种)病ill adj. 不好的,有病的,恶意的be ill= be sick 生病的lonelyadj.孤独的,寂寞的friendshipn. 友情,友谊friendly adj. 友好的be friendly to sb. 对某人友好friendliness n. 友善friend n. 朋友make friends with 和交朋友difficultyn. 困难,费劲be not a
3、ble to do something easilydifficult adj. 困难的have difficulty in doing sth.在做某事上有困难joyn. 愉快,喜悦a feeling of great happinessto ones joy 令人愉快的是joyful adj. 快乐的peacen. 平静,宁静peaceful adj. 和平的,宁静的hurt n. & v. 受伤,受伤的近义词:injuredcourage n. 勇气,勇敢encourage v.鼓励discourage v. 阻止;使气馁spirits n. 情绪,心境spiritual adj. 精神
4、的,心灵的payv. 付费pay for = spendon 在花费.pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事organize v. 组织同根词:organization n. 组织;机构;团体express v. 表达;表露同根词:expression n. 表现,表示,表达;表情二、 词组1. in need 需要帮助的2. voluntary work义务工作 3. ask permission报请批准4. suffer from 因受苦5. raise ones spirits 使振奋 cheer up6. in order to 目的在于 so as to
5、三、 句型1. We spent time with a girl called Vivien 我们和一个叫维维恩的女孩在一起。此句中,spend time with sb意为“和某人一起度过”。例如:Some young people dont want to spend time with the old.一些年轻人不想和老人在一起。I met a girl called Cindy.called 被叫做 =named 名为 The girl called Lucy is one of the best students in our school. 那个被叫做Lucy的女孩是我们学校最好
6、的学生之一2. I went there and took some photos of it.take photos/pictures of 表示“给拍照” take pictures/photos 意为“拍照”They took many photos of the winner. 他们拍了许多获胜者的照片。Although I love holidays, I hate to take photos. 尽管我喜欢度假,但我却讨厌照相。3.This helps them express their feelings.help sb (to )do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,help
7、后做宾补的不定代词可以带to ,也可以不带to ,本结构与help sb. with sth .意思相同。拓展:help oneself to sth. 随便吃某物 Help yourself to the fish.express 及物动词,意为“表露,表达”Bill is not afraid to express his opinions.拓展:expression 名词,意为“表达,表示;表情”Her expression suggested anger. 她露出愤怒的表情。4. They have difficulty walking or moving. 他们走路或移动有困难。此句
8、中,have difficulty (in) doing sth意为“做某事有困难”。 = have trouble (in) doing sthI have difficulty finishing my homework. 我完成家庭作业有困难。若后接名词:则常用have difficulty with sth 的结构 5. He hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage他的腿在事故中受伤了,但是他很勇敢。本句中,but为并列连词,意为“但是;然而”,连接两个句子,表示转折。I want to buy the beau
9、tiful bike, but I have no money.我想买那辆漂亮的自行车,但是我没有钱。hurt vt. = injure 使疼痛;受伤搭配:hurt oneself 受伤Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗?6.We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits我们需要帮助像蒂姆那样的孩子,并使他们 鼓起勇气。本句中,like用作介词,意为“例如;像”。Things like paper and glass can be recycled.像纸和玻璃这样的东西可以重复利用。四、语法动词不定
10、式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,但to有时可以省略。动词不定式在句子中不做谓语,所以没有人称、数和时态的变化。一动词不定式作宾语:基本结构:动词+动词不定式动词不定式可以在agree, choose, decide, learn, plan, hope, promise, want, seem, would, like等后面做宾语。如:I want to play basketball. 我想玩篮球。I agree to meet Susan outside the cinema. 我同意在电影院外跟苏
11、珊见面。 有些动词后面可以跟“疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构,这些动词包advise,ask,decide,discuss,forget,know,learn,remember,show,teach,tell等如:We teach him how to walk. 我们教他走路。I forgot what to do. 我忘记要做什么了。 二动词不定式作宾语补足语:基本结构:动词+宾语(名词/代词)+动词不定式动词不定式作宾语补足语时,有带to和省略to 的两种情况。常跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise,ask,tell,order,invite,allow,wish,get,
12、want,encourage等。如: My teacher often encourages us to study hard. 我的老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。Tom asked me not to sleep in class. Tom叫我不要在课堂上睡觉。常跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:使役动词let, make, have等,感官动词see, feel, notice等。 如:You can let the girl go first. 你可以让那个女孩子先走。I saw him open the door. 我看见他开门。三动词不定式表目的:动词不定式还可以用来表示某一
13、动作或状态的目的。动词不定式也可以位于句首。如:She went to the department store to buy a new book. 她去百货商店是为了买本新书。To learn English well, you should speak English as much as possible. 想学好英语,应该尽可能多的说英语。Unit 1 Helping those in need 单元测试姓名 分数 I. 词汇运用 (每小题1分,共15分)i. 根据句意,选择与划线部分意思最接近的选项。(每小题1分,共8分)( ) 1. When I told him the new
14、s, he expressed his surprise.A. knewB. showedC. impressed( ) 2. Keeping pets can give us much joy.A. sadnessB. sicknessC. happiness( ) 3. You cant go out at night unless you get your mothers permission.A. agreementB. knowledgeC. message( ) 4. Dont make any noises here. I need peace.A. luckB. fearC. anger( ) 5. He came home early in order to see his son before he went to bed.A. so thatB. in order thatC. so as to( ) 6. Amy explained that she had to leave at once.A. secretlyB. immediatelyC. happily( ) 7. I dont know why he didnt accept the doctors suggestions.A. repliedB. rejectedC. r