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1、）八年级下册 Unit1 Helping those in need一、 词汇单词词性及词义词汇拓展raisev. 筹募，增加，提高，饲养近义词：put up举起；提高keep饲养permission n. 准许，批准近义词：agreementpermit v. 允许disabledadj. 失去能力的，残疾的ability n.能力able adj. 能be able to do sth. 能做某事teenagern. 青少年teenage adj. 青少年的offerv. 主动提出be willing to do somethingoffer to do sth. 主动提出做某事offer
2、 sth to sb = offer sb sth 向某人提供某物sufferv. （因疾病等）受苦，受折磨serious adj. 严重的seriously adv. 认真地，严重地illnessn. (某种)病ill adj. 不好的，有病的，恶意的be ill= be sick 生病的lonelyadj.孤独的，寂寞的friendshipn. 友情，友谊friendly adj. 友好的be friendly to sb. 对某人友好friendliness n. 友善friend n. 朋友make friends with 和交朋友difficultyn. 困难，费劲be not a
3、ble to do something easilydifficult adj. 困难的have difficulty in doing sth.在做某事上有困难joyn. 愉快，喜悦a feeling of great happinessto ones joy 令人愉快的是joyful adj. 快乐的peacen. 平静，宁静peaceful adj. 和平的，宁静的hurt n. & v. 受伤，受伤的近义词：injuredcourage n. 勇气，勇敢encourage v.鼓励discourage v. 阻止；使气馁spirits n. 情绪，心境spiritual adj. 精神
4、的，心灵的payv. 付费pay for = spendon 在花费.pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事organize v. 组织同根词：organization n. 组织；机构；团体express v. 表达；表露同根词：expression n. 表现，表示，表达；表情二、 词组1. in need 需要帮助的2. voluntary work义务工作 3. ask permission报请批准4. suffer from 因受苦5. raise ones spirits 使振奋 cheer up6. in order to 目的在于 so as to
5、三、 句型1. We spent time with a girl called Vivien 我们和一个叫维维恩的女孩在一起。此句中，spend time with sb意为“和某人一起度过”。例如：Some young people dont want to spend time with the old.一些年轻人不想和老人在一起。I met a girl called Cindy.called 被叫做 =named 名为 The girl called Lucy is one of the best students in our school. 那个被叫做Lucy的女孩是我们学校最好
6、的学生之一2. I went there and took some photos of it.take photos/pictures of 表示“给拍照” take pictures/photos 意为“拍照”They took many photos of the winner. 他们拍了许多获胜者的照片。Although I love holidays, I hate to take photos. 尽管我喜欢度假，但我却讨厌照相。3.This helps them express their feelings.help sb (to )do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，help
7、后做宾补的不定代词可以带to ,也可以不带to ,本结构与help sb. with sth .意思相同。拓展：help oneself to sth. 随便吃某物 Help yourself to the fish.express 及物动词，意为“表露，表达”Bill is not afraid to express his opinions.拓展：expression 名词，意为“表达，表示;表情”Her expression suggested anger. 她露出愤怒的表情。4. They have difficulty walking or moving. 他们走路或移动有困难。此句
8、中，have difficulty (in) doing sth意为“做某事有困难”。 = have trouble (in) doing sthI have difficulty finishing my homework. 我完成家庭作业有困难。若后接名词：则常用have difficulty with sth 的结构 5. He hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage他的腿在事故中受伤了，但是他很勇敢。本句中,but为并列连词，意为“但是；然而”，连接两个句子，表示转折。I want to buy the beau
9、tiful bike, but I have no money.我想买那辆漂亮的自行车，但是我没有钱。hurt vt. = injure 使疼痛；受伤搭配：hurt oneself 受伤Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？6.We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits我们需要帮助像蒂姆那样的孩子，并使他们 鼓起勇气。本句中，like用作介词，意为“例如；像”。Things like paper and glass can be recycled.像纸和玻璃这样的东西可以重复利用。四、语法动词不定
10、式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，但to有时可以省略。动词不定式在句子中不做谓语，所以没有人称、数和时态的变化。一动词不定式作宾语：基本结构：动词+动词不定式动词不定式可以在agree, choose, decide, learn, plan, hope, promise, want, seem, would, like等后面做宾语。如：I want to play basketball. 我想玩篮球。I agree to meet Susan outside the cinema. 我同意在电影院外跟苏
11、珊见面。 有些动词后面可以跟“疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构，这些动词包advise，ask，decide，discuss，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell等如：We teach him how to walk. 我们教他走路。I forgot what to do. 我忘记要做什么了。 二动词不定式作宾语补足语：基本结构：动词+宾语（名词/代词）+动词不定式动词不定式作宾语补足语时，有带to和省略to 的两种情况。常跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise，ask，tell，order，invite，allow，wish，get，
12、want，encourage等。如: My teacher often encourages us to study hard. 我的老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。Tom asked me not to sleep in class. Tom叫我不要在课堂上睡觉。常跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：使役动词let, make, have等，感官动词see, feel, notice等。 如：You can let the girl go first. 你可以让那个女孩子先走。I saw him open the door. 我看见他开门。三动词不定式表目的：动词不定式还可以用来表示某一
13、动作或状态的目的。动词不定式也可以位于句首。如：She went to the department store to buy a new book. 她去百货商店是为了买本新书。To learn English well, you should speak English as much as possible. 想学好英语，应该尽可能多的说英语。Unit 1 Helping those in need 单元测试姓名 分数 I. 词汇运用 (每小题1分，共15分)i. 根据句意，选择与划线部分意思最接近的选项。(每小题1分，共8分)( ) 1. When I told him the new
14、s, he expressed his surprise.A. knewB. showedC. impressed( ) 2. Keeping pets can give us much joy.A. sadnessB. sicknessC. happiness( ) 3. You cant go out at night unless you get your mothers permission.A. agreementB. knowledgeC. message( ) 4. Dont make any noises here. I need peace.A. luckB. fearC. anger( ) 5. He came home early in order to see his son before he went to bed.A. so thatB. in order thatC. so as to( ) 6. Amy explained that she had to leave at once.A. secretlyB. immediatelyC. happily( ) 7. I dont know why he didnt accept the doctors suggestions.A. repliedB. rejectedC. r
