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1、虚拟语气和高考第一章 虚拟语气一 知识归纳1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用1) 三种形式条件从句中的动词 主句中的动词 示例与现在的事实相反 动词的过去式be动词一律用were would/could/might/should +动词原形 If I had time, I would attend your party.与过去的事实相反 had+过去分词; would/could/might/should +have +过去分词 You didnt let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you wouldnt have got so tired.与将
2、来的事实相反 should+动词原形were to+动词原形 would/could/might/should +动词原形 If it were to snow /should snow tomorrow, we should take photos.2) 虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用到装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中. 如:Were it necessary, I might resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed th
3、e contract.Should I have time, I would call on her.Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace3) 错综时间条件句在这种条件句中,虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式, 如:If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (现在-过去)If they had started in th
4、e early morning, they would arrive in half an hour(过去-将来)If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (过去-现在)4) 含蓄条件句有些句子中, 没有任何表示虚拟语气的词,短语或从句,但仍要用虚拟语气. 这时,要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分, 要么隐含在上下文之中. 如:I would do anything for her (if I could).We would have made a lot of money (bu
5、t we gave up halfway).Without electricity life would be quite different today. (If there were no electricity)5) 用介词代替条件状语从句, 常见的介词有with , without, but for 如:What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dollars) ?We would not have finished the word on time without your help (=if you
6、 had not helped us).But for the rain(if it had not been for the rain), we would have finished the work2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1) wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气与现在事实相反, 用were或动词的一般过去式;与过去事实相反, 用had+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/could/might+动词原形,后的从句不能用should.如:I wish she were here.I wish you would go with us tomorrow.I wish s
7、he had taken my advice.2) order, suggest, demand, insist等表示命令,要求, 建议的词后宾语从句的虚拟语气,形式为(should)+动词原形3. as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气1) 从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生,从句动词用过去时(be用were) It looks as if she were sick.He looks as though he knew the girl2) 从句所设想的时间动作于主句谓语发生,从句动词用had+过去分词. 如:I feel as if we had known each oth
8、er for yearsHe talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself4. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用1) 当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire,demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如:I suggested that we should go there on foot.注意:当suggest表示暗示,表明时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如: The smile on her face suggested
9、 that she was satisfied with our work.当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如:The man insisted that he had never stolen the money2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/a pity 等后的主语从句中It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand
10、, proposal,suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening.5. would rather, had better后的句子的虚拟语气1) 接动词原形, 指现在或将来的时间, 表示主语的主观愿望和选择I would rather do it todayYou had better not go dancing tonight2) 接不定式的完成式, 表示过去的某种不恰当的选择. 如:I would rather not have told
11、 her the news.She is such a gossip.3) 接从句, 用一般过去时, 表示现在或将来的愿望;用过去完成时,表示过去的愿望.如:I would rather you paid the money yourself.I would rather she had not done that6. it is (high) time that .句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式,或should +动词原形, 其中should不能省掉.如:It is time that you went to schoolIt is time that we should start ou
12、t7. 在含有if it were not for 或if it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中. 如:If it were not for the rain, the crops would dieIf it had not been for your help, we could not have finished the work ahead of time8. 用于if only引导的感叹句中If only I were a flying bird!If only I had seen the film!二 学法建议 在学习if引起的虚拟条件句时, 同学们首先要牢
13、记它的三种形式,l 它将为学习此类句子奠定基础, 在此基础上, 才能掌握倒装的虚拟条件句,混合虚拟条件句等 综观历年的高考题及各地测试题,wishl 引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气, if引导的虚拟条件及含蓄条件句是测试的重点,务必请同学们在学习中加以注意 在学习as if引导的表语从句或状语从句中的虚拟语气时, 要很好理解句子, 在判定表示虚拟时,再使用虚拟语气,并要牢记动词的形式 对if only的学习也是不容忽视的一个要点. 它表示要是.就好了”, 谓语用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望, 用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望. 如:If only she had known where to
14、find you!If only I could speak several foreign languages!五年高考1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not
15、let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insi
