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1、morphology词法notional实词form word虚词word-building构词法root词根prefix前缀suffix后缀synonym同义词antonym反义词conversion转化法derivation派生法affixation词缀法composition合成法compound复合词parts of speech词类noun名词pronoun代词numeral数词adjective形容词verb动词adverb副词article冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle引导词classification of
2、 nouns名词的分类common noun普通名词proper noun专有名词collective noun集合名词material noun物质名词abstract noun抽象名词countable noun可数名词personal pronoun人称代词possessive pronoun物主代词reflexive pronoun反身代词demonstrative pronoun指示代词interrogative pronoun疑问代词relative pronoun关系代词indefinite pronoun不定代词reciprocal pronoun相互代词case格nomina
3、tive case主格objective case宾格possessive case所有格singular form单数形式plural form复数形式cardinal numeral基数词ordinal numeral序数词fraction numeral分数数词degrees of comparison比较级positive degree原级comparative degree比较级superlative degree最高级notional verb实义动词modal verb情态动词link verb连系动词auxiliary verb助动词transitive verb及物动词int
4、ransitive verb不及物动词regular verb规则动词irregular verb不规则动词finite verb限定动词non-finite verb非限定动词person人称number数gender性tense时态voice语态mood语气principal forms of verbs动词的主要形式present form现在形式past form过去形式participle分词present participle现在分词past participle过去分词infinitive不定式gerund动名词verbal noun动名词simple present tense
5、一般现在时simple past tense一般过去时simple future tense一般将来时present continuous tense现在进行时past continuous tense过去进行时future continuous tense将来进行时past perfect tense过去完成时future perfect tense将来完成时present perfect continuous tense现在完成进行时future perfect continuous tense将来完成进行时sequence of tenses时态的呼应passive voice被动语态a
6、ctive voice主动语态indicative mood陈述语气imperative mood祈使语气subjunctive mood虚拟语气adverb of time 时间副词adverb of place地点副词adverb of manner方式副词adverb of degree程度副词adverb of frequency频度副词conjunctive adverb连接副词definite article定冠词indefinite article不定冠词coordinating conjunction并列连词subordinating conjunction从属连词syntax
7、句法declarative sentence陈述句imperative sentence祈使句exclamatory sentence感叹句interrogative sentence疑问句general question一般疑问句special question特殊疑问句alternative question选择疑问句disjunctive question反意疑问句simple sentence简单句compound sentence并列句complex sentence复合句compound complex sentence并列复合句elliptical sentence省略句elem
8、ents of the sentence句子成分subject主语predicate谓语predicative表语attribute定语adverbial状语modifier状语appositive同位语independent element独立成分limiting attribute限定性定语descriptive attribute描绘性定语simple predicate简单谓语compound predicate复合谓语direct object直接宾语indirect object间接宾语complex object复合宾语cognate object同源宾语direct addre
9、ss呼语parenthesis插入语appended element附加成分inserted element插入成分direct speech直接引语indirect speech间接引语absolute construction独立结构phrase短语participial phrase分词短语prepositional phrase介词短语infinitive phrase不定式短语verb phrase动词短语clause从句main clause主句subordinate clause从句subject clause主语从句object clause宾语从句predicative cl
10、ause表语从句attributive clause定语从句appositive clause同位语从句adverbial clause状语从句restrictive attributive clause限制性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clause非限制性定语从句natural word-order自然语序inverted word-order倒装语序inversion倒装ellipsis省略transformation of sentence句型的转换analysis of sentence句子分析punctuation marks标点符号period 句号full stop句号question mark问号exclamation mark感叹号comma逗号semicolon分号colon冒号dash破折号hyphen连字号quotation marks引号parenthesis括号apostrophe撇号（所有号，重音号，省字号）
