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1、介词一，介词的分类1. 简单介词，是指单个的介词女Q: in, on, at, on, to, with 等2. 合成介词，是指两个简单介词合在一起构成的介词Q: into, onto, without, inside3. 短语介词，是指一个或两个简单介词与一个或几个其他词类的词组合，在意义和作用上相当于一个简单介词的短语Q: instead of 代替according to 按照because of 因为in front of 在.的前面二，表示时间的介词1. at表示具体的时间点at least 至少at noon在中午at the moment在目前，现在at school 在上学Q:
2、at eight oclock 联想：at构成的固定短语: at first 首先 at present 目前 at the age of在岁时 at the same time 同时 at the end of在。末Q： In some western countries shops are closedweekends.2. in用于年，月，季节，上午，下午，晚上等。in 2008在2008年in the morning/afternoon/evening注意：in表示在某一季节或某一月份时，一般不加冠词，但季节和月份的意义 旦具体化，就要加定冠词the。如： The weather is
3、 a little in May.An earthquake happened in Sichuan in the May of 2008.In summer children are happy because they can swim.联想：in构成的固定短语：hand in上交in fact事实上in surprise 吃惊地in search of 寻找in public 当众in the end最后，终于in no time立刻，马上in a minute立刻，马上in front of在前面in a word 句话，总而言之in good health身体健康的do well i
4、n在方面干的不错be interested in对感兴趣in common共同的show great interest in 对。感兴趣in the last/past several years 在过去的几年里3. 表示具体的某一天或某一天的早晨，晚上等，用on。如： In the morning I often get up at six oclock butSundaymorning, I get up at seven.A traffic accident happened near our school the night ofMay 2nd, 2014.联想：on构成的固定短语:o
5、n board乘坐（车，飞机）on duty值班，值日on earth 到底on fire着火on foot 步行on hire雇佣on holida y 度假on time按时be on show 展览on the right 在右边on the other hand 另一方面a book on history 本关于历史的书on one s way to在某人去的路上4. 表示时间的 since, for, by, during, until（1）since （自从）后跟具体的过去时间，for后接一段时间。for和since短语所 在的句子应用现在完成时，谓语动词要用延续性动词。女: Gr
6、eat changes have taken place in my hometown since the year 2000.We have lived in the city for about five years.by+时间点，意为“到为止”，如果by后面跟的是将来的时间点，用一般 将来时或将来完成时，如果by后面跟一个过去的时间点，用过去完成时。如： I will finish eating by nine oclock.By the end of last week, we had finished learning Unit5.during+时间段，与延续性动词连用，表示某期间的
7、动作。如:She had trained hard during the four years to get ready for LondonOlympic Games.until+时间点，意为“道为止”，句中的谓语动词若是非延续性动词，构成句型not.until直到.才 如： We stayed there until the sunset.We didnt go home until the sunset.(5)表示时间前后的before, afterbefore在之前，after在.之后女Q: We must hand in our homework before class.After
8、 half past eleven we can relax ourselves.注意：before作为介词，还可以表示“面临，面对”Q:What should you do before so many difficulties?I had nothing to say before her.三表示方位，地点，行为对象等的介词1表示方位的介词in, to, onin表示包含关系，意为在。范围内” ,on表示相邻关系，接壤；to表示相 隔关系。Q：China isthe east of Asia.Japan is the east of China.Russia is the north of
9、 China.2. 表示“上下”等方位的介词over, under, above, below, on(1) over在。正上方，其反义词为under女Q: There is a football under the desk.I looked up and saw a plane flying over my head.above表示“在。上方”，非垂直关系，其反义词为belowQ:The plane is flying above the clouds.on在。之上，指两者表面接触。其反义词也为under3. 表示“前后”的介词和短语介词(1) in front of在。前面，指在范围之外
10、的前面，和before意义接近。Q:There are some bikes in front of the teaching building.behind是in front of的反义词，意为在。后面”in the front of表示在范围之内的前面，其反义词组是at the back of4. by, beside在。旁边；between在两者之间,among在三者及以上之间(1) by和beside意义相近Q:Do you know the man who is standing by the window?Lucy sits beside me. She is my deskmat
11、e.between指两者之间，也表示三者或多者中的每两者之间；among指三个 或三个以上的事物或人之间。注意：between表示两者之间，只要构成双方关系，就可以用betweenQ:There are so many desks in the classroom that there is hardly any room to move between them. 教室里有这么多张课桌，几乎没有空间从它们 中间穿过。5. across, through 穿过across从表面穿过，through穿越，穿透，透过，指从物体内部穿过。女Q: (1)When you gothe road, you
12、 must be careful.(2) Which river ru n s Sh a n g h a i?(3) -I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get inthewindow.-Its dangerous to do that.A. inB. throughC. overD. to6. 表示里外的 in, inside, into, onto, out of, outsidein在。之内Q:My keys are in my pocket.注意：外来物“在树上”，用in,树上结出的东西“在树上”，用onQ:There are
13、 some b i rd s t h e tree.Autumn comes and some red apples the apple trees comeinto peoples eyes.inside在。里面，到。里面。反义词为outsideQ：Listen！Someone is talking in a low voice inside the door.Dont stay outside.into至U。内。强调空间或状态的转换。反义词为out ofQ： Why not go into the house and have a look?He looked out of the win
14、dow and saw some people coming back from work.注意: out of 还有“脱离，失去”等意义。如: He has been out of work for long.Fish cant live long out of water.7. 表示“靠近”的 near, next to, aroundnear在。附近next to在。旁边around在。周围如： There is a park near our neighborhood.I didnt remember to phone until near the end of the week.Th
15、e mouse is next to my computer.That patient is next to death.The flowers and applause(掌声)are always around the winners.注意：around还表示大约”，同义词：about女Q: It was around/about twelve o clock in the evening.8. 表示运动方向的for, to, towardsfor常接在leave , start等动词之后，表示运动的方向或目的地。Q： Theyll leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month.(2)to跟在go , come, return, move等动词之后，表示目的地，它既表示运动 方向，又包含运动结果。Q：When di
