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1、如何做高考单项填空高考单项填空题的障碍设置命题人为了增大试题的难度，综合考查考生的能力，往往在题干或选项中设置不少障碍。了解命题人设置障碍的主要方法，就能迅速排除干扰，准确地得出答案。高考单项填空试题的障碍设置主要有以下六种类型。1.题干由单一的陈述句向疑问句、倒装句、感叹句、省略句、插入语等多种形式转化。例1：She thought I was talking about her daughter, _ in fact, I was talking about my daughter. NMET 95A. whom B. where C. which D. while分析此题难点就在于插入语
2、in fact的干扰，正确分析句子结构，省去插入语，答案就容易选出。A、B、C三项是关系词，不合题意，故D正确。2.知识点的考查由单一向多元化转变，即在同一试题中考查两个（或两个以上）的知识点。例2：The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. NMET 94A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play分析此题考查see用于被动语态时，其主语补足语用什么形式和现在分词与不定式作主语补足语的区别。根据see一词主动结构see sb. doing (do)可知变为被动后只有A项正确。3.题干由句子
3、向对话转化，使题目语境化，从而增加干扰性。例3：Do you remember _ he came?Yes,I do, he came by car. NMET 94A. how B. when C. that D. if分析单独从首句看，似乎四项都对，但答语中的by car对语境作了限定，故A项正确。例4：There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.It _ a comfortable journey. NMET 95A. cant be B. shouldnt C. mustn
4、t have D. couldnt have been分析通过上下文的语境可知小车上本来就有5人，但是他们还是让我上了车。这说明车上很拥挤，所以这不可能是一次很舒服的旅程，因此D项正确。4.分隔现象对主要成分的干扰。命题人往往利用介词短语、从句、插入语等将主要成分与空格分开，使考生弄不清句子结构而误选答案。例5：The day they looked forward to _.A. come B. coming C. came D. comes分析如果不认真分析句子，就会把look forward to作为谓语，而选B。但该句中they looked forward to是定语从句，修饰先行词
5、the day，可见此句缺少谓语，故C项正确。5.母语及文化对思维的干扰。汉语和英语是两种不同的语言，用法上自然有差异，中国人和西方人在各类习惯上也不同，命题人就会利用这些差异来误导学生。例6：Hello. May I speak to Zhao Hua?Yes. _. NMET 92A. My names Zhao Hua B. Im Zhao HuaC. This is Zhao Hua speaking D. Zhao Huas me分析这是一道考查电话用语的题目，如果从汉语的习惯和方式来考虑就会选A或B。但正确答案是C，只有它才符合西方文化的习惯。6.思维定势对解题的干扰。思维定势是命
6、题人利用考生对某些知识点的过分熟悉的心理来设置障碍，而该题又恰好不是考查这种熟悉的用法，如果考生不加分析，就很容易误选。例7：Charies Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. NMET 93A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented分析由于考生对consider doing sth.这一用法十分熟悉，如不加分析，就会误选B。但consider在此句的含义是“认为”，而不是“思考”，作“认为”讲时，后接不定式的复合结构，加之该句不定式的动
7、作发生在主句谓语动作之前，故用不定式的完成式。因此C项正确。单项填空题精选1. He was so angry at all _ I was doing _ he walked out and closed the door angrily.A. that; that B. what; that C. that; what D. which; which2. It was Johnson, _ studied very hard, _ often offered us help.A. that; that B. who; which C. who; that D. that; who3. Wi
8、th everything she needed _, she went home.A. to buy B. buying C. bought D. buy4. Ill hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker.A. who B. that C. which D. whom5. Take your problem to the person _ can help you.A. whom you think B. you think who C. who you think D. you think whom6. Her face wen
9、t red _ he said at such a big party.A. because of what B. because C. because of D. because what7. He never came home _ Sunday.A. except B. except when C. except that D. except on8. The way he thought of _ the problem is wonderful.A. working at B. to work at C. working out D. to work out9. Its said that the thief _ yesterday _ 100,000 _ the bank.A. caught; had stolen; from B. caught; stolen; fromC. was caught; stole; from D. was caught; had stolen; in10. Have you heard about the accident _ yesterday?A. happened B. happening C. that happened D. to happenACCAC ADBBC3
