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1、 2022年6月英语四级语法知识：直接引语和间接引语2022年6月英语四六级考试太难？只是你没有找对方法而已！点击查看秘籍！【手机用户】点击进入免费试听【CET4】 * 【CET6】【电脑用户】点击进入免费试听四六级考试课程！直接引用别人的原话叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语要加引号。间接引语多数状况下构成宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语时，句中的人称、动词时态、指示代词、某些状语等都要视说话的实际状况作相应的变化。例如：She said,“I will come this evening.”She said that she would go that evening.Sh
2、e said,“Where are you going?”She asked me where I was going.陈述句变为间接引语时应留意的几个问题 若直接引语是陈述句，其变间接引语时，应把直接引语变成由that引导的宾语从句。从句之前常用say、tell等动词。除了人称上相应变化外，还应留意如下几点。1)主句中的动词时态假如是过去时态，直接引语中的谓语动词时态要做如下变化：直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时现在进展时 过去进展时现在完成时 过去完成时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时一般将来时 过去将来时例如：He said,“I have left my book
3、in your room.”He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告知我他把书丢在我房间里了。He said,“I am busy.”He said that he was busy.他说他很忙。Betty said,“Ill be waiting for your call.”Betty said that she would be waiting for my call.贝蒡说她将等候我的电话。2)在以下状况下，变间接引语时，时态不发生如上相应变化：直接引语中，假如表示过去的时间状语用来表示事态发生或存在的详细时间，变间接引语时，
4、其谓语动词仍用一般过去时;例如：Mr Brown said,“I flew to London in 1981.”Mr Brown said that he flew to London in 1981.直接引语中的过去完成(进展)时，在间接引语中时态不变;例如：He said,“My brother had been a worker for two years before he came here.”He said that his brother had been a worker for two years before he came here间接引语中动词所表示的动作或状态说话时
5、仍连续进展或存在时，其时态不变;例如：“I am forty.”he said.He said that he is forty.转述习惯性动作、客观事实或科学真理时，其时态不变;例如：He said,“China is in Asia.”He said that China is in Asia.引述动词为现在时，间接引语中的动词可保持原来时态;例如：He says,“I have accepted her invitation.”He says that he has accepted her invitation.假如直接引语用虚拟语气，变间接引语时，仍用原来的动词形式;例如：“I in
6、sist that you give up smoking,”said the doctor.The doctor insisted that he give up smoking.假如直接引语中有无过去时形式的情态动词，如must,ought to等，变间接引语时，可用原来形式，也可用其他形式;例如：He said,“All men must die.”He said that all men must die.(表示必定)He said,“You must be fond of music.”He said that I must be fond of music.(表示推想)假如直接引语
7、是以would like作谓语的特别疑问句，间接引语中would like不变;假如直接引语是一般疑问句，like之后接动名词或名词作宾语，间接引语中would like也不变;例如：He asked,“What else would you like?”He asked what else I would like.He said,“Would you like a cup of tea?”He asked if I would like a cup of tea.时间状语从句中的一般过去时或过去进展时，在间接引语中保持不变;例如：John said,“When I lived in New
8、 York, I often saw Jane.”John said when he lived in New York he often saw(had often seen) Jane.3)直接引语变间接引语时，有关的指示代词、地点准时间状语也作如下相应转变：直接引语 间接引语This thatThese thoseago beforenow thentoday that daytonight that nightthis week(month) that week(month)tomorrow the next day; the following dayyesterday the da
9、y beforelast week(month) the week(month) beforenext week(month) the next week(month);the following weekthe day before yesterday two days beforethe day after tomorrow two days afterhere thereShe said,“Ill come here again tonight.”She said that she would go there that night.She said,“I arrived yesterd
10、ay morning.”She said that she had arrived the morning before.4)在特定的状况下，时间及地点状语也可不变。表示详细年、月、日。例如：Mary said,“My parents arrived on April 24,1990.”Mary told me that her parents arrived on April 24,1990.说话和引述正好好在同一天、同一星期或同一月。例如：He said,“My brother is leaving for Hongkong tomorrow.”He told me that his brother was leaving tomorrow.(说话和引述都在同一天)假如说话人所在的地点就是引述人所在的地点，那么here不再变成there。例如：“I live here,”he said.He said he lived there.(引述时地点转变)He said he lived here.(引述时地点未变)疑问句变为间接引语时应留意的几个问题疑问句变为间接引语时，除了留意动词的时态、人称代词、指示代词以准时间和地点状语变化外，还要留意词序的变化。例如：He asked,“Who is he?”He asked who he was.疑问句种类不同，变间接引语时也不同。
