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1、2008高考名词性从句复习名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句成分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。（二）主语从句1、
2、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.注意：that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat(B)Itisapity/sh
3、ame/goodidea/nowonderthat.(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat（D）Itseems/happensthat。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g. The question was who could go there.（四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g. I hop
4、e (that) everything is all right.2宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：Hejudgedthat, becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwineEveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthat
5、sheworksharderthantheothersdo.3、whether和if的用法。1）whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.2）后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如：IdidntknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.3）主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhetherth
6、eyhavesomuchmoney.Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.4）whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.5）whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.6）宾语从句提前时用whether不用if。如：Thankyou,butwhetherIllbefreeImnotsureatthemoment.7）引导条件状语从
7、句时， 必须用if . If it rains tomorrow , we wont go to the Summer Palace .（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea 、promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.注意: 同位语从句与
8、定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea、promise等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain. Theh
9、opesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain. （ 六）疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如
10、：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.（七）名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,IdidntknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两
11、个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbegin_notbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygo_notbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbegin_notbeendecided.（八）、名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.Weveheardthenewsthatwellmoveintothenewhouse.Wha
12、teveryousaywillinterestusall.（九）that和what的区别。that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定主语、宾语、表语或定语，what的意思是:“什么, 的.”What surprised me most is her cheerful expression on her face. 练习：名词性从句一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the eart
13、h turn around the sun is known to all.3. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.4. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.5. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.6. That is where Lu Xun used to live.7 He spoke a
14、s if he understood what he was talking about.8. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?9. I wonder why she refused my invitation.三历届高考名词性从句试题1._ you have done might do harm to other people. ( 87 ) A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. This2. They have no idea at all _. ( 87 ) A. where he has goneB. where did he go C. which place he has goneD. where he has gone3. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ( 88 )
