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1、 2022年职称英语真题之综合类A级阅读理解3Last month，James Connolly，a junior at the University of Massachusetts，stood in front of a local police station wearing a toga(长袍)as punishmentHis crime? He was charged with underage drinking，illegal possession of alcohol and excessive noise while holding a partyThis shaming pu
2、nishment has increased in the US in recent years，mostly imposed by local judges for lessserious crimes，such as drunk driving and theftThey believe shame is the best petty crime deterrent(威慑)For example，in Tennessee，Judge James McKenzie has made shoplifters(商店货物扒手)stand outside Wal Mart with signs th
3、at read，“I am a thief put here by order of Judge McKenzie”，“Alternative punishments like community service and fines dont convey moral condemnation(责备)of the criminal，”said Dan Kahan ，a University of Chicago Law School professor ,in an article published on the universityS website“They arent shameful
4、 enough。”Shaming punishments are sometimes called Scarlet(红色的)Letter punishmentsThe name comes from US author Nathaniel HawthorneS 1850 novel The Scarlet LetterIn this novel，a woman is forced to wear a scarlet “A”on her clothes as punishment forher adultery(通*)However, University of Iowa law profess
5、or Andrew Hosmanek said there is an important difference between the shaming punishments of colonial America and those assigned in states like Tennessee“Early societies often had are acceptance ceremony to welcome the offender back into main society,”says Hosmanek“Contemporary punishments in America
6、 lack this”Supporters of shaming punishment argue that public shaming is a good way of expressing community values。Some judges say shamed offenders seldom repeat their crimesOthers arent SO sure。“There is little evidence to suggest that shaming punishments are successful in preventing people from co
7、mmitting specific crimesAnd a shamed criminal may face a hard battle to regain credibility in society，”said Hosmanek“So，a shaming punishment may force the offender into more crimes to support himself”Experts also debate shaming punishmentS damage to human dignity“Since the point is to shame，it”s of
8、course degrading(污辱人格的)，”said Linda Malone，director of the Human Rights and National Security Law Programme at William and Mary Law School“US law only prohibits punishment that iscruel and unusual一notinhuman and degradingit”s very difficult for a thief to prove that holding a sign in front of Wal-Ma
9、rt is cruel and unusual.”41. James Connolly was accused of all the following crimes EXCEPTA. illegally possessing alcoh01B. smuggling drugsC. drinking at an illegal ageD. making too much noise at a party42. Which of the following punishments does NOT morally condemn a criminal?AHolding a sign that a
10、nnounces his or her crimeBPublishing his or her name on a websiteCApologizing for the crime in front of WalMartDHaving to do useful work to help others without being paid43. In the novel The Scarlet Letter, a woman is accused ofA .corruptionB. briberyC. adulteryDthee考试大(Examda。com)44. The word “suggest in Paragraph10 could be best replaced byA. proposeB. indicateC. assumeD. explain来源：45. What does US law forbid?ACruel and unusual punishmentsBlnhuman punishmentsCDegrading punishmentsDShaming punishments
