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1、小学英语基本语法第一讲 名词知识要点一、名词的数在英语中，名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数名词表示一个可数事物。复数名词表示两个或两个以上的可数事物。可数名词可分为单数和复数两种形式：表示一个人或事物的名词用单数形式，在使用时，前面一般加不定冠词a或an，表示两个或两个以上的人或事物的名词用复数形式,一般是在词干后附加词尾s 或es,如：bags ,boxes.名词单数变复数具体规则如下：1).规则变化一般在名词后加s.如boyboys, penpens等。以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，在后面加es.如classclasses,但st
2、omach的复数为stomachs. “以辅音字母+y”结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es.如babybabies. 以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v, 再加es. 如knife, half, leaf, wolf等。以o结尾的名词，除tomato, potato等少数在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s.如kilokilos, photophotos, zoozoos, radioradios, pianopianos, videovideos.2).不规则变化 manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, toothteeth,，child-children，mousemic
3、e 单复数形式相同如：sheepsheep, deerdeer, JapaneseJapanese, ChineseChinese等。 有些名词形式上是单数，实为复数意义，通常被称为复数名词，如：people, police等。 由-man和-woman构成的合成词如：policemanpolicemen, EnglishmanEnglishmen，Englishwoman-Englishwomen但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans.另外被man 或woman 修饰的名词变复数时，两个名词都要变。例：a man doctor two men doctors a woman t
4、eachersome women teachers 但: apple treeapple trees 有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes, trousers, glasses, chopsticks等。 数词+名词作定语时， 常采用数词+单数名词形式，如a two-week holiday,an 8-year old girl.另一种常见的形式有five minutes walk, two days leave等。 3）不可数名词没有单复数形式，要表示不可数名词的数量，可用以下两种方法。用much, a little, a lot of /lots of some, any等修饰不可数名
5、词。如： The rich man has a lot of money.可用表单位的词修饰不可数名词， 如：a piece of paper, two pieces of paper, a bottle of orange, a glass of milk, three bags of rice。二、名词的格1）表示有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格一般在名词后加s .如：my fathers study以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加 如： the teachers reading room 教师阅览室;不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加s.如：the womens shoes
6、 女式鞋子。如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加s。如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加s .如：Jane and Helens room 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有)Bills and Toms radios 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（不共有）2）表示无生命的东西，一般用 of+名词的结构。如：a map of China练习：I.写出下列名词的复数形式。 1.watch _ 11.strawberry _2.child _ 12.thief _3. photo _ 13.girl student_4.diary _ 14.man doctor_5.day_ 15.woman nu
7、rse_6.foot_ 16.pear tree_ 7.book_ 17. peach_8.dress _ 18. box_ 9.tooth_ 19. baby_10. deer_ 20. German_II. 翻译下列词组。 1.一些桃子 _ 10.我的自行车_2.五袋大米_ 11.教师节 _ 3.八只脚 _ 12.三八妇女节_4.二十颗牙齿_ 13. 二张纸 _ 5.三瓶果汁 _ 14.四个男医生_6.四十个女警察_ 15.七颗梨树 _ 7.十二把小刀_ 16.一副世界地图_8.九个德国人_ 17.Helen的朋友 9.许多孩子 _ 18.双胞胎的妈妈_III. 按要求改写下列句子。 1.
8、 There is an orange tree in the garden.（改为复数句） _2. She is a good teacher. （改为复数句） _3. I have some interesting story books. （改为单数句）_ 4. There are some women teachers over there. （改为单数句） _5. -What is it? Its a box. （改为复数句） _ IV. 单项选择。( )1.Mr Smith is _father. They are twin sisters. A. Mary s and Johns
9、 B. Marys and John C. Mary and Johns( )2.She needs _.A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters( )3.There are five_ in our school.A. woman teacher B woman teachers C. women teachers( )4.There are many _ in the fridge.A. food B.bread C. vegetables( )5.Im thirsty. I think Ill bu
10、y some_.A. water B. eggs C. cakes( ) 6.John bought _ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe( )7. -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -Id like_. !A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( )8. There are five _in our fac
11、tory.A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers ( )9. The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_.A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk ( ) 10. _ turn yellow in autumn. A. LeafB. LeavesC. LeaveD. Leafs( ) 11. Will y
12、ou please show me the way to the _ shop?A. shoeB. shoesC. shoesD. shoes( )12. _ hard work it is!A. What aB. HowC. WhatD. How a( )13. His family _ a happy one.A. beB. areC. isD. was( ) 14. I met two _ in the street yesterday morning.A. GermanB. AustralianC. AmericanD. Japanese( ) 15. My grandparents like _ very much, so they grow
