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1、2007年6月一、Ive been writing for most of my life. 我一辈子大部分时间都在从事写作。The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. 写作无师自通这本书想我介绍了一种区别和一种练习。帮助我大大提高了写作水平。The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical min
2、d. 区别是关于创造性思维和评判性思维之间的区别。While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.你需要做的是运用两者帮助你得到一个结果，但是他们不能同时起作用，无论我们多么想要这样做。Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that mos
3、t of us encounter.试图匆忙地批判写作内容可能是我们大多数人在写作时遇到的最大障碍。If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting （稍纵即逝的） thought, the thought will die. 如果你按照五年级英语老师教你的，在努力抓紧稍纵即逝的想法的同时纠正你的语法，这个想法肯定会消失。If you capture the fleeting thought and simp
4、ly share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. 如果你抓住了稍纵即逝的想法，但仅以其原始的形式和世界分享，或许没有人能够理解。You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.如果你想要把写作作为思考的工具，必须学会首先创造，然后批判。The practice that can help you past your learned
5、 bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”练习是指ELbow所说的“自由写作”，它可以帮助你改正边写边改的话习惯。In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. 在自由写作中，我们的目标是在15-20分钟的时间内不间断写作。No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. 不停顿，不回头，不作批判。
6、The goal is to get the words flowing. 这样做的目的是使文字流畅起来。As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.当语言开始流畅，想法就会从阴暗处涌现出来，呈现在你的笔记本或者电脑屏幕上。Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind
7、that youve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. 现在，你有进行评判性思维的原材料了，建议你坐下静静地查看文稿。Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.通常，你会认为这个环节所需的时间比你实际需要的时间要长，并且直到最后一刻，你还盯着文稿，头脑一片空白。
8、Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. 不要盯着空白的屏幕，无论多么糟糕，都开始写下去。Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product.写作时间进行到一半时，停下来整理你的初稿，让它更接近终稿。 Move back and forth until you run out of time and the fina
9、l result will most likely be far better than your current practices.不断前后重复，直到时间用尽。这样，你所得到的终稿会比你用现在在练习中写的文稿要好得多。二、I dont ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. 我不想再谈关于作为一位女性科学家的问题了。There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what its like to work in a fi
10、eld dominated by men.有一段时间，人们不断地问我在男性主导的领域中工作的故事。I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. 我不擅长将这些故事，因为实际上我并不觉得它们有趣。What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.我真正感兴趣的是宇宙的起源，时空
11、的形状和黑洞的本质。At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom.在19岁的时候，我开始学习天体物理学，作为班上唯一的女性，我一点也不觉得苦恼。But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. 但是当我在麻省理工学院攻读博士学位和之后作为
12、博士后进行太空研究时，这一点开始让我觉得苦恼。My every achievementjobs, research papers, awardswas viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics.So were my failures.我的每一项成就-工作，研究论文，奖项-都被人们从性别政治的角度进行审视。我的失败也一样。 Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture
13、(培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.有时候，当我陷入左脑和右脑，天赋与培育的争论中时，我会立刻为我自己和所有的妇女进行激烈的抗辩。Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I dont talk about that anymore.然后再很多年以后的一天，我口中冒出一句最终成为
14、我对所有挑衅的回答：“我不再讨论这个问题了”It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didnt want to deal with gender issues. 我花了十年的时间重获19岁时的自信，让自己认识到我不再想要处理性别的问题。Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? 为何性别歧视要成为每位女性科学家的另一个可怕的负担？After all, I
15、 dont study sociology or political theory.毕竟，我不是社会学或政治理论的研究者。Today I research and teach at Barnard, a womens college in New York City. 现在，我在Barnard-纽约的一所女子学院进行研究和授课。Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women.最近，有人问我班上的45个学生中有多少是女性。You cannot imagine my satisfaction
16、at being able to answer, 45. 你很难想象我在回答时的满足感：45。I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children.And I dont dismiss those concerns. 我知道有些学生会担心如何处理科学俺就和生儿育女之间的矛盾，我不会不理会这些担心。Still, I dont tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics profe
