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1、一不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定
2、式做定语-将要发生2）不定式做状语-目的3）不定式充当名词功能-To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活
3、。（强调我见他正干活这个动作）v感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good.It feels comfortable.2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to Id like to have John do it. I have my package weighed.Paul doesnt have to be made to learn. 3) help; help sb do; help sb to do; help do; help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope
4、，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect, allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do， force sb to do， be more likely to do， love to do， warn sb to do， be able to do， beambitious to do， begin to do， start to do五) 有些短语中to后面要接-ing形式accustom (oneself) to; be
5、accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意
6、思。其中，want不太常用。He needs (a lot of) encouraging.二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词1)是名词 seeing is believing2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 Starving troops is necessary.一)动名词的形式:一般形式：I dont like you smoking. 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.被动形式：This question is far from being settled.二) 动名词常考的点1动名词做主语，谓语动词为单数2在动名词和不定式中,做为介词
7、的宾语是动名词3动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.I would appreciate_ back this afternoon Ayou to call Byou callCyou calling Dyoure calling（Key：C your calling 也对）I regret not having taken your advice.4有些词后只能接动名词admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discont
8、inue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; cant help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand.另外还有一些接
9、-ing形式的常用说法：its no good; its no/little/hardly any/ use; its not/hardly/scarcely use; its worthwhile; spend money/time; theres no; theres no point in; theres nothing worse than; whats the use/point.5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。I remembered to post
10、 the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)forgot与remember的用法类似。I regret to inform you that 我很遗憾地通知你I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了二十年前的离开而遗憾。try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.try ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a
11、 day. I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 打算、想我想去，但我父亲不让我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 意味着赠加工资意味着增加购买力。prefer的用法：我宁愿在这里等。I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。）I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） 3 分词：现在分词主动进行,
12、过去分词被动状态现在分词:1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)过去分词1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.2) 过去分词的进行形式：Youll find the topic being di
13、scussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。非谓语动词的概念：非谓语动词也叫非限定动词或动词的非谓语形式。包含的动词类型：非谓语动词主要包括动名词、不定式和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外, 具有动词的部分语法特征，可以承担句子的任何成分。下面分别对以上几种动词类型配合例句进行讲解。一、动名词1.定义：动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构，
14、其构成的形式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing。2.功能：动名词(或动名词短语)在句中起名词的作用，可用作主语、表语、宾语(动词或介词的宾语)和定语等。（1）作主语e.g.Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。（2）作表语e.g.In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。（3）作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)e.g. We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。（4）作定语e.g. He cant
15、 walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。3.考点：动名词在考试中往往不是不直接进行考察，而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中，然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。所以，考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能。4.与分词做定语的区别：现在分词由原形动词+ing构成，如designing，leaving，stopping等现在分词作定语时，表示正在进行的动作，或经常性的动作，或表示现状。由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在“形”上相似。考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况。动名词作定语往往表示所修饰的名词的功能/用语，现在分词作定语强调分词结构中的动作正在进行。Give the note to theloudly-speaking(现在分词作定语)man. 请把便条交给坐在正在高声说话的人。Id like to buy a washing(动名词作定语)machine.(a machine for washing). 我想要一台洗衣机。
