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1、 新概念英语第四册学习手册Lesson13：The search for oilThe search for oil探寻石油What do oilmen want to achieve as soon as they strike oil?The deepest holes of all made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,0000 feet. Butwe not need to send men down to get the oil our, as we must with other mineral deposits. Theh
2、oles are only borings, less than a foot in diameter. My particular experience is largely inoil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other miningactivity. When is has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface anoil derrick. It has to be tall
3、 because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have tolower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which arerotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so
4、often a sampleis obtained with a coring bit. It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen thestrata the drill has been cutting through. Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows tothe surface because great pressure, either from or water, is pushing it. This pressure mustbe under cont
5、rol, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drillpipe. We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas. Wewant it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.T.F.GASKELL The Search for the Earth”s Minerals from D
6、iscoveryNew words and expressions 生词和短语mineraladj. 矿物的boringn. 钻孔derrickn. 井架block and tackle滑轮组haulv. 拖，拉rotatev. 使转动cutting bit钻头geologistn. 地质学家coring取芯钻头cylindern. 圆柱体stratan. 岩层复(单stratum或strata 误用)circulatev. 注入，环流gushern. 喷油井参考译文在全部地窖中，为查找石油所钻出的洞是最深的，这些洞可深达25,000英尺。但是，我们不必像开采其他矿藏那样，把人送到地下去把石油
7、取出。这些洞只不过是一些钻孔，直径不到1英尺。我是特地搞石油的，查找石油比其他任何采矿业对改良钻探作的奉献都要大。当确定钻孔地点后，我们就在那里竖起一个井架。井架必需很高，由于它像一个巨型滑轮组。我们必需把很长的钻杆一节节地钻入地下，然后再从地下拉出来。钻杆顶部安装的发动机带动钻杆旋转，它的底部装有钻头。地质学家需要知道钻头已以到达什么样的岩层，因此时常要用芯钻头取样。这种钻头能切割一段光滑的圆柱形岩石，从中能看出所钻透的地层。一旦到达油层，石油就会由于地下巨大的压力流到地面上来，这种巨大的压力来自地下自然气或水。这种压力必需加以掌握，我们让泥桨顺着钻杆向下循环，用这种方法来掌握压力。我们尽量避开使用陈旧天真的喷井方法，那样会铺张石油和自然气。我们要让石油留在井下，直到我们能用一种有掌握的方法把它引上来为止。
