《语法专项2——状语从句（九大状语从句详讲+配套练习）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《语法专项2——状语从句（九大状语从句详讲+配套练习）（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、语法专项2 状语从句【状语从句综述】由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。一、时间状语从句1.表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。例如：When I came into the
2、office, the teachers were having a meeting.当我进入办公室时，老师们正在开会。He started as soon as he received the news. 他已得到这个消息，就出发了。Once you see him, you will never forget him.一旦你见了他，你就不会忘记他。No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.我一上床就睡着了。2.when, while, as的区别这三个词都可以用作连接词，表示时间关系，但有所区别。 (1)when表示时间关系时，意思常
3、常是“当(在)的时候”。主句和从句中的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。例如： When we were at school, we went to the library every day.我们在求学的时候，每天都到图书馆去。 (2)while 用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)的时候”，主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生。它有时可与when通用，但它只能指一段时间(a period of time)，而不能指一点时间的(a point of time)。如上面第一个例句中的when，可以用while代替；而第二个例句中的when，就不能用while代替
4、。例如： Please dont talk so aloud while others are working.别人在工作的时候，请勿大声讲话。(3)as用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)时候”，往往可与when或while通用，但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例如： I saw him as he was getting off the bus.当他下公共汽车的时候，我看见了他。 3.一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every t
5、ime。例如：The first time I got to the island, I was amazed by its beauty.我第一次到这座岛屿的时候，我就对它的美丽感到惊异。The moment I entered the room, I smelled something usual.我一走进房间里，就觉得不对头。Every time I visit him, he is always reading.每次当我拜访他的时候，他总是在读书。4.directly和immediately也可作为连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”，相当于the moment/the instant
6、和as soon as。例如：I knew something was wrong directly I arrived.我一到就知道出事了。The boys did all sorts of mischief immediately my back was turned.我一转身孩子们就捣乱。5. before 和afterbefore 引导的从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后，如果从句是过去时，主句一般要用过去完成时或一般过去时。after引导的从句动作通常发生在主句动作之前，如果主句要用过去时，从句则要用过去完成时或一般过去时。例如：The plane had taken off befo
7、re he arrived at the airport.他到机场前飞机早就起飞了。After he had lived in the south for nearly 20 years, he decided to go to seek his fortune in the north.他在南方生活了将近二十年后，决定去北方碰碰运气。They arrived at the cinema after the film began.电影开始之后他们到了影院。6. no sooner.than 和hardly (scarcely). when这两个连词词组都是表示主句与从句动作随即发生，意为“一就
8、”。主句动词用过去完成时。如果no sooner, hardly 或scarcely位于句首，主句要倒装。例如：No sooner had he entered the house than it began to rain.他刚走进房间天就开始下起雨来了。He had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.他刚上床电话就响了。7. till 和until这两个词的用法十分近似，都表示“直到”，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句要用延续性动词；在否定句中，主句要用非延续性动词，这时until和before同义。例如：Until they
9、had finished the work, they did not go home.直到他们完成工作才回家。二、原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。例如：He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.因为没有谋到那个职位，他很沮丧。As it is raining, I will not go out. 因为外面下雨，我就不出去了。Now that
10、 you mention it, I do remember. 既然你提到了那件事，我一定记住。三、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。例如：Sit wherever you like.随便坐。Make a mark where you have a question.在你有问题的地方做个标记。四、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。；例如：Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.说的清
11、楚些以便他们能听懂。She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.他买了一本书目的是能跟上电视上的功课。He left early in case he should miss the train.以免错过火车，他离开的很早。五、结果状语从句1.结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so that, such that等引导。 例如：She was ill, so that she didnt attend the meetin
12、g. 他病了，因此他没有参加会议。He was so excited that he could not say a word. 他是如此的激动以至于说不出话来。She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.她是如此好的一个老师，我们每个人都很尊敬她。2. such that 的常用句型such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+thatsuch +形容词+可数名词单数+thatsuch+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that【小叮咛】so many （much, few, little） +名词，such a lot of
13、（或lots of）+名词是惯用法，不可乱用。例如：She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.她是如此漂亮的一个女孩，我们大家都喜欢她。They were such beautiful flowers that we bought home. 花是如此的美丽，我们买回了家。It was such delicious food that they ate it up. 食物是如此美味，他们都吃光了。3. so+形容词或副词+that / so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+thatHe is so rich that he can bu
14、y lot of things for himself.It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.It was such a good day that we all went swimming.4. so that, that都可以引导结果状语从句He didnt study hard, （so） that he failed the exam.5. tooto, enoughto 可以引导结果状语从句与sothat 替换，sothat结构可以用tooto替换必须具备两个条件，一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致，二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有
15、can（could） not.She is so young that she cant go to school.She is too young to go to school.She isnt old enough to go to school.六、条件状语从句1. 条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。【小叮咛】条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。例如：If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.如果他没在办公室，那他一定出去吃午饭了。You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.只要你把书保持干净，你就可以借。So far as I know, he will be away for three months.据我所知，他将离开三个月。You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don
