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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Our team could receive a lot of support and funding if we could convince a major company like NIKE or Coca Cola to（ ） us.问题1选项A.approveB.endorseC.obligeD.comply【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。approve “批准”；endorse “认可；签署”；oblige “迫使；强制”；comply “遵守；顺从”。句意：如果我们能说服像耐克和可口可乐这样的大
2、公司来_我们的话，我们的团队就能得到大量支持和资金。根据句意可知选项B符合题意。2. 单选题For a moment he was speechless, still too astonished to（ ） what it all meant, and then he sat heavily and leaned forward, putting his hand down on the summons button.问题1选项A.break downB.search forC.take inD.see after【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。break down “分解，故障”；se
3、arch for “搜寻”；take in “吸收，领会”；see after “照顾，照料”。句意为：他一时说不出话来，仍十分惊讶，不知这一切意味着什么。他心事重重地坐了下来，身子向前倾斜，将手放在传唤按钮上。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题The news that the president had submitted his resignation caused a great（ ）.问题1选项A.sensationB.stimulationC.devotionD.deterioration【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。sensation “感觉，轰动”；stimulation “刺
4、激”；devotion “奉献”；deterioration“恶化”。句意：总统递交辞呈的消息引起了巨大轰动。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题Attempts to use sophisticated IT-based systems to help to solve the problem often seem merely to _ it.问题1选项A.aggravateB.deviateC.emphasizeD.simplify【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. aggravate 加重，使恶化 B. deviate 偏离，违背C. emphasize 强调，着重 D. simplify 简
5、化，使简易【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】本句主语为“试图（Attempts）使用基于信息技术的复杂系统”，使用这种系统的目的为“来帮助解决问题（solve the problem）”。空格处与下文的it构成动宾逻辑，it指代的是“problem（问题）”，表示这种尝试会对问题的解决造成什么结果。“merely（只是，只不过）”说明使用复杂系统并不能帮助解决问题，可进一步推断出反而会导致问题加重。aggravate指使糟糕或不愉快的情况恶化，因此A选项aggravate“加重，使恶化”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项deviate“偏离，违背”指以不同于通常或预期的方式做某事，题干说的是“使问
6、题恶化”，而不是“偏离原来的做法”；C选项emphasize“强调，着重”指表示某事特别重要或特别引人注目，不能和“解决问题（solve the problem）”相对应；D选项simplify“简化，使简易”指使某事更容易做或简单易懂，与题干语义相矛盾，应该是“更严重”而不是“更简单”。【句意】使用基于信息技术的复杂系统来帮助解决问题的尝试，往往似乎只会使问题恶化。5. 单选题The habit of travelling by air is becoming more _.问题1选项A.prominentB.prevalentC.prudentD.precious【答案】B【解析】【选项释
7、义】A. prominent 重要的，显著的 B. prevalent 流行的，普遍存在的C. prudent 谨慎的，慎重的 D. precious 宝贵的，珍贵的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】空格处做表语来说明“The habit of travelling by air（乘飞机旅行的习惯）”正变得怎么样。此处应该是说大家都习惯于乘飞机旅行，这一现象变得越来越普遍。prevalent指在某一特定地点或时期普遍、常见的，因此B选项prevalent“流行的，普遍存在的”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项prominent“重要的，显著的”指某人或某物非常著名或显眼；C选项prudent“谨
8、慎的，慎重的”指具有谨慎的良好判断力；D选项precious“宝贵的，珍贵的”指某物非常有价值，十分重要；均不能和“habit（习惯）”进行搭配。【句意】乘飞机旅行的习惯变得越来越普遍了。6. 单选题For the most part, black sportsmen accept that they have advantages，in an unspecified way, over their white（ ）.问题1选项A.supervisorsB.subordinateC.counterpartsD.correspondents【答案】C【解析】考察名词辨析。supervisors
9、监督人，检查人；subordinates下属；counterparts相似的人或物，对方； correspondents 通信员。句意：大多数情况下，黑人运动员承认他们以某种不明确的方式优越于白人运动员。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题Since the dawn of civilization, mankind has been obsessed by the possibility that it will one day be extinguished. The impact of an asteroid on earth and the spectre of nuclear holocau
10、st are the most prevalent millennial fears. Now some scientists are increasingly leaning towards the view that a new nightmare must be added to the list. Their concern is that intelligent computers will eventually develop minds of their own and destroy the human race.The latest warning comes from Pr
11、ofessor Stephen Hawking. He told an interviewer this week that artificial intelligence could “outsmart us all” and that a technological catastrophe is a “near certainty”.Most non-experts will dismiss his claims as a fantasy rooted in science fiction. But the pace of progress in artificial intelligen
12、ce, or AI, means policy makers should already be considering the social consequences.According to a recent survey, half the worlds AI experts believe human-level machine intelligence will be achieved by 2040 and 90 per cent say it will arrive by 2075. Several AI experts talk about the possibility th
13、at the human brain will eventually be “reverse engineered”. Some prominent tech leaders, meanwhile, warn that the consequences are unpredictable. Elon Musk, the pioneer of electric cars, has argued that advanced computer technology is “potentially more dangerous than nuclear threats. That said, the
14、risk that computers might one day pose a challenge to humanity should be put in perspective. Scientists may not be able to say with certainty when, or if, machines will match or outperform mankind.But before the world gets to that point, the drawing together of both human and computer intelligence w
15、ill almost certainly help to tackle pressing problems that cannot otherwise be solved. The growing ability of computers to crunch enormous quantities of data, for example, will play a huge role in helping humanity tackle climate change and disease over the next few decades. It would be folly to arrest the development of computer technology now一and forgo those benefits一because of risks that lie much further in the future.There is every reason to be optimistic a
