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1、 博锐个性化辅导教案 学生: 王旭 授课日期:_2011年7月29日_ 时间:_19:0021:00年级: 初二 教师:_胡晓琪 教学课题一般过去时和一般将来时以及祈使句教学目标掌握两种时态以及祈使句的用法重点难点 理解和使用这两种时态以及祈使句课前检查 作业完成情况 优 良 中 差 建议: 一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构:主语+动词过去式+其他;否定形式was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词;一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。基本概念一般过去时(simple pas
2、t tense)表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。 时间状语Ago(two hours ago(一段时间+ago), yesterday(句子开头或结尾), the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month), 具体时间(如Jan.fourth), just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), and so on,this morning.long long ago. 动词
3、变化规则规则变化:1.直接加ed:work worked looklooked playplayed, 2.以e结尾的单词,直接加d:live lived hopehoped useused, 3 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed:study studied carrycarried worryworried, 4以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed:enjoy enjoyed 5 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed: stop stopped planplanned 不规则变化: be (is/am)-was/(are)were begin began blow blew brin
4、g brought burnburnt/burned buybought catchcaught comecame costcost dodid drawdrew drinkdrank drivedrove eatate fallfell findfound flyflew getgot havehad hearheard holdheld hurthurt keepkept knowknew learnlearnt/learned letlet lielay/lied lightlit/lighted loselost makemade meanmeant meet,met putput r
5、eadread riderode runran saysaid seesaw 过去时的一般形态1 Be 动词的一般过去时态. 在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were. 构成:肯定句:主语+was (were) +表语 如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。) 否定句:主语+was (were) +not+表语 如:We werent late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到) 疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+表语 如: Were you ill yesterday? (你昨天病了吗?) 肯定回答:
6、Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。) 否定句: No, I wasnt. (不,我没病。) 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语 如:When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的? 2 实义动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did. 肯定句为:主语+动词过去式+宾语 如: I went home at nine oclock yesterday.(我昨天九点钟回的家。) 否定句:主语+didnt +动词原形+宾语 如:I didnt go home yesterday. (我昨天没回家
7、。) 疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+宾语 如: Did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了吗?) 肯定回答: Yes, I did. (是的,我回了。) 否定回答:No, I didnt. (不,我没回家。) 3 助动词和情态动词过去式如下: shallshould(将要)用于第一人称单数 willwould(将要)用于所有人称 cancould(能,会) maymight(可以) mustmust (必须) have tohad to(不得不) 助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。 如: I had to do my homewo
8、rk yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。) 一般过去时讲解 一般过去时也叫单纯过去时。 例A:He worked very hard last year. (去年他很用功。) 例B:Mr. Smith bought a new car yesterday. (史密斯先生昨天买了一辆新车。) 例C:They were here only a few minutes ago. (几分钟前他们还在这里。) 例题解析:1 r. Mott is out. But he _ here a few minutes ago. A. was B. is C. will be D. would be 解
9、析:时分钟前发生的动作, 应该用一般过去时。 应选 A, 2 -Hi, Tom. -Hello, Fancy. I _ you were here. A.dont know B.wont think C. think D. didnt know 解析:虽然句中没有明确的时间状语, 但是可以通过上下文语境判断出, 我说这话之前不知道,但是现在知道了,表示过去的动作,要用过去时态。所以选D。 3 He promised to tell me by himself when I _. A. come B. would come C. came D. had come 解析:在时间状语从句中,用一般过
10、去时表示过去将来。应选C。 一般过去时态的“三变”技巧 :一变:肯定句变为否定句 【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如: I could get you a concert ticket. I could not / couldnt get you a concert ticket. 【技巧2】当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如: I was on the Internet when you called me. I was not / wasnt on the Intern
11、et when you called me. 【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didnt,动词还原,构成否定句。例如: The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. The famous singer did not / didnt sing any Chinese songs. 二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句 【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如: He could pack his things himself
12、. Could he pack his things himself? 【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如: Mr Li looked very old. Did Mr Li look very old? 三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句 【技巧1】确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如: They gave the concert last night. Wh
13、en did they give the concert? 【技巧2】辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+.? 例如: The accident happened near the station. Where did the accident happen?一般过去时的用法(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情。 句式:主语+过去动词+宾语+其他 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。
14、He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。 (2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。 补充内容:(句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?) Yes, I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。) When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。) 2 Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。 I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。 I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十