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1、Module 5 语法 虚拟语气英语中有两种条件句, 真实条件句和非真实条件句.真实条件句表示提出的假设完全可以成为事实, 谓语动词用陈述语气.非真实条件句表示所提出的假设实现的可能性极小与事实相反, 谓语动词用虚拟语气. 虚拟语气也可以表示愿望,请求及建议等.条件从句有两类：（1）真实条件句；（2）虚拟条件句。如果假设情况有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。如：If time permits, well go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。）如果假设的情况与事实相反，则为虚拟条件句。如：If it had rained yesterday, we would
2、 have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。）关于虚拟条件句的一些句型。这种句子一般由从句（Subordinate Clause)和主句(Main Clause)组成。如上例：If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.If it had rained yesterday 就是从句；we would have stayed at home 则为主句。句型：一.与现在事实相反的假设(事情的发生都在同一时间内):从句：if + 主语 + 动词的过去式(be 用 were) + 主句：主语 +
3、would (should, could , might) + 动词原形 + 1. If I were you, I would go with him. (从句 If I were you, 主句 I would go with him.)2.If I were you, I should buy it. (从句用过去式动词were，主句用should+ buy)3.If I had time, I would study French. (如果有时间，我会学习法文。） （从句用过去式动词had，主句用would+ study）4. If she knew English, she woul
4、d not ask me for help. (如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用would not +ask)注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用：主语 + would be + 进行式动词 + 5. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.(从句用过去式动词were, 主句用 would be speaking)二.与过去事实相反的假设(假设从句的事实为过去的事)：从句：If + 主语 + had +过去完成式动词 + 主句：主语 + would (should, could, might) +
5、 have +过去完成式动词 +1. If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam. (从句动词用had studied, 主句动词用could have passed) 如果你在上个学期用功一些，你就会在考试中过关了。2. If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the exam.(从句动词用had taken, 主句动词用wouldnt have failed)如果你当时听从我的劝告的话，你就不会在考试中失败了。3. If you had
6、got up earlier, you could have caught the train.(从句动词用had got up, 主句动词用 could have caught)如果你起身得早一点，你就会赶得上火车了。4. If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.(从句动词用had snowed, 主句动词用would have skied)如果下雪的话，我就可在公园里滑雪了。注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用：主语 + would + have + 完成进行式动词+5.If they had been here, he would h
7、ave been speaking to them.(从句动词用had been, 主句动词用 have been speaking)三.与将来的事实可能相反(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)：从句：If + 主语 + should (或were) + 动词原形 +主句：主语 + would (could, should, might) + 动词原形 +1. If it should rain, the crops would be saved.(从句动词用should rain，主句动词用would+ be)如果天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。2. If he were to go tomorrow
8、, he might tell you.(从句动词用were to, 主句动词用might +would tell)如果明天他走的话，他可能会告诉你。3. If he were here, I would give him the books.(从句动词用 were, 主句动词用would+ give)如果他在这儿，我可能会把书给他。注意：如果动作在进行中，从句(不是主句)要用：If + 主语 + 过去进行式动词+4. If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.(从句动词用 were staying, 主句动词用wo
9、uld+ let)如果她现在留在这儿，我可能会让她骑我的马。四. 从句的 If 有时可省略，那么从句中的动词(were, had, should)就得移到主语前面：1.原句：If she were younger, she would do it.去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面)2.原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)五. 有时虚拟条件句的从句
10、和主句地动词动作时态会不一致：1) 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.2) 从句表示将来，主句表示过去：If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.3) 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：If we hadnt made adequate preparations
11、, we shouldnt dare to do the experiment next week.4) 从句表示将来，主句表示现在：If we shouldnt have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.练习题1.Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade.a. will be destroyed b. will have been destroyed c. would be destroyed d. would have been destroyed2. If yo
12、u hadnt gone with Tom to the party last night,_.a.you would meet John already b. you wont have missed Johnc. you will have met John d. you would have met John3.Supposing this ship _ , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?a. was sinking b. has sunk c. were to sink d.
13、 sunk4. The insects would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if _ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.a. it is not b. it were not c. were it not d. they were not5. The teacher suggested that each student _ a plan for the vacation.a. made b. make c. makes d. will mak
14、e6. Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being.a. do b. dont do c. didnt do d. will not do7. After the way she treated you, if I _ in your place.a. be b. am c. was d. were8. If I _ in the twenty-first century, I _ my vacation in a very different way.a. should livewould spend b. wi
15、ll live .should spendc. are living should have spent d. will be livingwould have spent9. Its high time you _.a. start to work b. would start to work c. started to work d. had started to work10.“If I hadnt practiced when I was younger,” the musician says,“I _ able to play so well now.”a. wouldnt be b. wo
