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1、高考维“升”素7环境保护（时间：30分钟 分值：56分）维A 阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)(2012北京卷)Wilderness“In wilderness (荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism.The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection
2、：whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out，there is a strong appeal in images of the wild，the untouched；more than anything else，they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly.The urge to leave the subject of such image
3、s untouched is strong，and the danger exploitation (开发) brings to such landscapes (景观) is real.Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans needthe rainforests，for example，store carbon in vast quantities.To Mr. Sauven，these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitatio
4、n.Lee Lane，a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute，takes the opposing view.He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services，such as water conservation.But that is not，he argues，a reason to avoid all human presence，or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation.There are ever more peo
5、ple on the Earth，and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives，rather than merely struggle for survival.While the ways of using resources have improved，there is still a growing need for raw materials，and some wildernesses contain them in abundance.If they can be tapped without reducin
6、g the services those wildernesses provide，the argument goes，there is no further reason not to do so.Being untouched is not，in itself，a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forward to seeing these views taken further，and to their being challenged by the other participants.One challeng
7、e that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly.And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings，but also the guidance
8、of reason.What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.【语篇解读】 荒野是否应该开发？仁者见仁，智者见智，两种观点针锋相对，莫衷一是。作者客观分析，冷静思考，期待着事态的发展。1John Sauven holds that _.Amany people value nature too muchBexploitation of wildernesses is harmfulCwildernesse
9、s provide humans with necessitiesDthe urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong答案B考查推理判断。第二段的最后一句提到John Sauven认为“生态系统服务”远比开发的利益重要，由此可推断他的观点是开发荒野有害。2What is the main idea of Para.3?AThe exploitation is necessary for the poor people.BWildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.CUs
10、eful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.DAll the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.答案C考查主旨大意。本段第二、三句是对另外一种观点的概括，意思是荒野的有益服务不能作为不开发的理由。3What is the authors attitude towards this debate?AObjective. BDisapproving.CSceptical. DOptimistic.答案
11、A考查推理判断。作者在最后两段中并没有直接表明自己的观点，只是“客观”地进行叙述。4Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP：Central PointP：PointSp：Subpoint(次要点)C：Conclusion答案D考查推理判断。文章第一段提出中心论点；第二、三两段分别阐述了两种不同的观点；第四段是作者自己的观点；最后一段是文章的结论。维B 完形填空(每题1.5分，满分30分)选材网站： fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I
12、saw it，when I was 13.My parents took us there for camping.On the way out，I asked them to wait while I ran up to El Capitan，a _1_ rock of 3,300 feet straight up.I touched that giant rock and knew _2_ I wanted to climb it.That has been my lifes passion (钟爱) ever since_3_ the rocks and mountains of Yos
13、emite.Ive long made Yosemite my _4_.About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of _5_，like toilet paper，beer cans，and empty boxes，around the area.Its _6_ me why visitors started respecting the place _7_ and treated such a beautiful homelike place this way.I tried _8_ trash (垃圾) myself，but the job was
14、 too big.I would _9_ an hour or two on the job，only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.Finally，I got so _10_ it that I decided something had to change.As a rockclimbing guide，I knew _11_ about organizing any big event.But in 2004，together with some climbers，I set a date for a _12_.O
15、n that day，more than 300 people _13_.Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash.It was amazing how much we were able to _14_.I couldnt believe the _15_ we madethe park looked clean!Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere.In 2007 alone,2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and _16_ 132 miles of roadway.I often hear people _17_ about their surroundings.If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by _18_ rather than complaining.We need to teach by _19_.You cant blame others _20_ you
