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1、 Unit 5 The Power of Nature学案3ing 形式作状语一、ing形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。 用法例句时间Crossing the road, he was ran over by a car. Having done their homework, the students played football. 原因Not knowing English, he couldnt understand the film. Having lived in Shanghai, he knows the place very well.
2、 条件Working hard, you will do well in the exam. Turning to the left, you will see the post office.让步Working or reading, she always did her best.Not being a rich man himself, he helped thepoor generously. 伴随The children went into the classroom, talkingand laughing. She sat there, staring at the ceilin
3、g. 结果His parents died in the war, leaving him anorphan. The child fell, striking his head against thedoor and cutting it.二、 ing形式的完成式句型主动Having +p.p. , 主语+谓语被动(Having been) +p.p, 主语+谓语用法-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用 例句Having answered the lett
4、er, she went on to read an English novel. Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.三、学习-ing形式作状语的用法时,需要注意以下四点:一、与过去分词作状语的区别。 一般来说,-ing形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成。试比拟: Theenemyfledinapanic,leavingbehindalotofdeadbodiesandweapons. Defeatedandfrightened,theenemyfledinapanic. 分析:前一例中的-ing形式
5、短语在句子中作伴随状语,它与其逻辑主语theenemy之间为主动关系;后一句中的过去分词defeated和frightened表原因,它与其逻辑主语theenemy之间为被动关系。二、分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。1. Comparing all the great people with each other, youll find that they have much in common. 2. Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policema
6、n for help.3. The train having gone, we had to wait another day.分析:前两例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中having gone的逻辑主语是 the train。 三、 -ing形式的否认式。其根本结构是:not + -ing形式,无论在完成式还是被动式里,not必须置于-ing形式之前。如: Not having finished his homework, the boy was still doing it in the classroom. 四、-ing形式(短语)的功能有时相当于一个状语从句。 根据
7、这个性质,我们在使用-ing形式作状语时,切记不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。如: Walkingonthefallenleavesinautumn,soyoullfeelverycomfortable.() 分析:如前所述,-ing形式短语相当于一个状语从句,所以后半句中的连词so的使用是错误的,应该去掉。原句应改为: Walkingonthefallenleavesinautumn,youllfeelverycomfortable.Exercises1 The great hall was crowded with many people, _ many children _on th
8、eir parents laps. A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting 2. _ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain3 His letter, _ to the wrong number, reached m
9、e late. A. having been addressed B. to have addressed C. to have been addressed D. being addressed 4You cant catch me Janet shouted, _away. (NMET2023全国卷3)A. run B. running C. to run D. ran5More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the healthy and relaxation benefi
10、ts. (NMET2023上海卷)A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken6_ in the queue for half an hour , Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (NMET2023北京卷)A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited答案1.A。including为介词;由seat的用法可知,此处应用其过去分词形式。2. D. There being n
11、o rain为 there be句型的独立主格形式。3.A。address所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,且与letter之间逻辑上存在着被动关系,having been addressed.在句中作非限制性定语。4 解析：答案为B。现在分词running away在这里作伴随状语。题意是一边跑着，一边喊着说。5解析：该题考察非谓语动词的用法。四个选项均为take的不同形式，由句中的逗号及空白前后的逻辑关系考虑，此空应填现在分词表结果，答案为A。6解析：答案为C。 根据for half an hour 可判断出要用现在分词的完成形式having waited 填写，表示排队发生在汤姆意识到把钱包忘在家里了之前。
