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1、美国快餐饮食文化和词汇大全美国快餐饮食文化和词汇大全生活在美国(一) 无所不在的快餐点 随着美国人生活节奏的加快，快餐食品便应运而生其快餐连锁店遍及世界各地，其中影响最大的当属麦当劳快餐连锁店供应的快餐食品有：汉堡包、烤牛肉、牛排、火腿、三明治、肯德鸡、油炸土豆片、烘馅饼、冰淇淋以及各种碳酸饮料等Fast Food 快餐食品Fast-food chains，American-style， are currently on the increase all over the worldMost of these places work on a similar principle There i
2、s a long counter ， above which is displayed a list（often with pictures） of the items available， and behind which several people（often students working for the minimum wage）are serving Individual queues form in front of each assistant You receive what you order more or less immediately and take it on
3、 a tray to a table， picking up thing like straws（吸管）， pepper， salt， ketchup（蕃茄酱），pickles（泡菜）and napkins（usually paper napkins） on the wayIf you cant see any knives and forks ， this means you are supposed to eat with your handsIf you cant see any straws， thats because they are hiding in the straw dis
4、penser（分配器） that you have to fiddle（拨弄） with the bottom of it to get a straw（one at a time）to emergeWhen youve finished， you yourself throw away everything except the trayMany fast-food places have drive-in facilitiesYou place your order from your car via （通过） a microphone and then drive round to a
5、special window to pay and pick it up You may even encounter places where a waitress bring your meal out， and you sit and eat it in the car from a tray hooked over the door through the open windowYou may be asked if your order is “for here” or “to go ”（ieto take away）In some states there is no sales
6、tax on food consumedTypes of Fast Food Restaurants 快餐店的种类The most widespread type of fast-food restaurant is that serving hamburgers， such as the chains of MacDonaldAll the different chains have their own specialties Arbys restaurants serve large roast beef， ham and cheese， and turkey（火鸡） “sandwiche
7、s” Some restaurant chains specialize in serving steaks quickly and cheaply And then theres Kentucky Fried ChickenChips 油炸土豆片Chips in America are called “French fries” or “fries ”for short（Note that in the USA “ chips” mean crisps）“French fries” are normally thinner than chipsAmericans generally put
8、ketchup on their chips ，and you will not normally find vinegar（醋）Pizzas（意大利式）烘焰饼There are many specialty pizza restaurants in America， and many of them take telephone orders and deliver pizzas to your home， which can often be convenientThey come in different sizes， and a large one can be big enough
9、for a party of four peopleIf you want to share a pizza but cant agree on the ingredients ， it is possible to order two different sets of toppings ，one set on each halfIce-Cream 冰淇淋Shops selling large number of different flavors of ice-cream are very common in America If you are not sure what flavor
10、you want ，generally you can sample a small spoonful of a particular flavor to see if you like it You can either have your ice-cream in a “plain cone”（普通型锥形物） or in a “sugar cone”（甜脆型锥形物）Soft Drinks 软饮料Fast-food restaurants do not serve alcoholThe soft drinks most often sold are Coca-Cola and PepsiCo
11、la， plus fizzy drinks （which are like lemonade）and root beer （which is like cough medicine）Fizzy drinks are known as “carbonated beverages”（碳酸饮料） or ，more colloquially，“soda”，“pop”，“soda pop”，and “soft drinks”All these drinks come with lost of ice In fact， you will probably find as much ice as drink
12、 in your drinkIf you ask for a soft drink without ice， they will think you are funny but will probably oblige（They may charge you a bit extra， for ice is cheaper than Coke） 生活在美国(二) 美国人的用餐习惯 美国人吃饭用刀叉，而且他们的用餐方式是很有讲究的。因此，在应邀与美国朋友一起吃饭时，应特别注意他们的用餐习惯。一般情况下，餐桌上摆放有一幅餐刀和两幅餐叉，外边的餐叉供你吃色拉，里边的餐叉用于吃主食和其它点心食品，餐刀用
13、来切肉食。如果你两手并用，应左手握叉，右手握刀，而且一次握刀时间不能太长。美国人的早餐有：炒或煮鸡蛋、香肠、油炸土豆片、薄煎饼、果子冻、烤面包、松饼、桔子汁以及咖啡等。Eating Custom and Practice 用餐习惯American eating is funny. They eat almost everything with a fork, and it appears that holding a knife in ones right hand longer than a few seconds is considered to be against good table
14、 manners.The system is that if it is absolutely necessary to use a knife, people take the fork in their left hand, and cut off a piece of meat or whatever it is in the normal manner. Then they put the knife down, transfer the fork to their right hand, and only then do they transport the food to thei
15、r mouth. This is clearly ludicrous(滑稽可笑), but it is considered good manners.There are several results of this system. First, if it is not absolutely necessary to use a knife, Americans dont use one, because obviously this greatly complicates(使复杂化) things, and you will therefore see them trying to cu
16、t things like potatoes, fish and even bacon(熏猪肉) with a fork. Second, towards the end of a course, since only one implement(器具) is being used, food has to be chased around the plate with the fork and for the last mouthful the thumb has to be used to keep the food in place, although one is not supposed to do this.Third, tables are generally la
