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1、外文原文：Application of virtual manufacturing in generation of gearsReceived: 29 November 2004 / Accepted: 5 May 2005 / Published online: 24 November 2005Spfinger-Verlag.London Limited 2005Abstract The manufacturing process of gears is fairly complicated due to the presence of various simultaneous motio
2、ns of the cutter and the job. In this paper, an attempt is made to generate meaningful design data for spur and helical gears and the corresponding rack form cutter necessary for the manufacturing. Using this information, solid models for the cutter and blank are developed and finally gear-manufactu
3、ring processes are simulated in a virtual manufacturing environment. The user has the option to choose between designs and manufacture mode at will. The integrated process may also help to develop an optimized product. For better understanding of the operational principle, an animation facility in t
4、he form of a movie is included in the package.Keywords Virtual manufacturing; Animation; Gear generation1 IntroductionA gear is a very common machine element in mechanical engineering applications. However, manufacturing of the gear seems to be fairly complicated even to the person having thorough t
5、echnical knowledge in the related field. The conventional gear generation processes like forming, shaping, hobbing, etc. are usually represented in two-dimensional sketch. There may be some components that are not adequately described by the two-dimensional approach. In the case of gear generation,
6、it may be difficult to understand the complex geometries and the manufacturing arrangement with the help of 2D models. These limitations can be partially overcome and understanding will be more meaningful if one uses 3D solid models instead. However, the development of the models using 3D solids may
7、 not always ensure the clarity of the complex gear generation process unless one uses animation to represent tile motion of the gear blank and the gear cutter. This can be achieved very efficiently with the help of the virtual manufacturing technique. It is a technology to create a virtual environme
8、nt on the computer screen to simulate the physical world. The knowledge base and expertise gained from the work in the virtual environment enables the user to apply them more meaningfully in real life situations. A host of literature is available on virtual manufacturing in different areas among whi
9、ch some of the recent and important works are referred below. Tesic and Baneljee 1 have worked in the area of rapid prototyping, which is a new technology for design, visualization and verification. Graphical user interfaces, virtual reality technologies, distillation, segregation and auto interpret
10、ation are some of the important features of their work. Balyliss et al. 2 dealt with the development of models in a virtual environment using the virtual reality technologies providing an outstanding 3D visualization of the object. In 1994, G.M. Balyliss et al. 3 presented theoretic solid modeling t
11、echniques using the VM tools, like VP, MI, (virtual reality manufacturing language) and 3D Sludio Max. They have developed different parts of an automobile and through the special effect of animation imparted all possible motion to the model. The technology is further enhanced by Kiulera 4, who trea
12、ted product and process modeling as a kernel for the virtual manufacturing environment. In his work, Kimura has incorporated significant modeling issues like representation, representation language, abstraction, standardization, configuration control, etc. Arangarasau and Gadh 5 contributed towards
13、the virtual prototyping that are constructed using simulation of the planned production process using virtual manufacturing on a platform of MAYA,3D Studio Max and VRML, etc. At .Jadavpur University, research work 6, 7 is being carried out to simulate the gear manufacturing processes using A I Ill)C
14、AD and 31) Studio Max as platforms. Software has been developed that helps the design engineers to understand the problems related to spur gear operation and its manufacturing process. A study of the state of tile art and literature review reveal that the scope of virtual manufacturing is wide open
15、for simulating spur gear generation processes. Computer simulation can be very effectively used for viewing along with aiding subsequent analysis of different complicated manufacturing processes using the concept of design centered virtual manufacturing. With this objective in mind, an attempt is ma
16、de to virtually manufacture spur and helical gears from the blank using a rack cutter. The scope of the work includes the generation of design data for the spur and helical gears and the rack form cutter, the generation of solid models for the cutter and blank, and finally to simulate gear-manufacturing process through animation. The main motivation of the work is to simplify the task of designing, and to study the gear generation process that can be
