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1、学大教育第十四章 动词的-ing形式动词的-ing形式包括了传统语法中所说的动名词和现在分词。一、-ing形式的句法功能（一）作主语高考试题传真1.-What do you think made Mary so upset? -_he new bicycle.(1997,上海) A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing2._is a good form of exercise for both young and old.(1992) A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk3.Once your bu
2、siness becomes international, _constantly will be part of your life.(1995,上海) A.you fly B.your flight C.flight D.flying-ing形式(短语)作主语通常有两种位置：一种是-ing形式短语位于句首；另一种是用it作形式主语，而将-ing形式短语移到谓语之后，以避免句子结构头重脚轻。如：Playing tricks on others is something we should never do.捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。Learning new words is very im
3、portant for me.学习新单词对我来说非常重要。It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.和夏洛克争辩没有什么用。It is pleasant working with you. 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。注意-ing形式与不定式作主语时的区别-ing形式作主语通常表示一种抽象的动作概念，即泛指某种行为或动作。如：Doing nothing is doing ill.一事不做就是作恶。Its no use crying over split milk.牛奶打翻哭也无用。而不定式作主语通常表示具体动作或具体意义。如：He said, “To
4、 go on like this is no use.”他说：“继续这样下去是无用的。”Its an honour for me to be invited to the party.我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。教你巧学巧记:巧识动名词与不定式的区别一、I like playing football,but I dont like to play football on such a cold day. 我是喜欢踢足球的，但今天这么冷，我不想踢。动名词往往表示一般的习惯或抽象的行为，不定式则表示某个特定场合的动作。二、Our job is carrying the boxes. 我们的工作是搬
5、箱子。Our job is to carry the boxes.我们(现在)的工作是搬箱子。动名词含有多次反复的意味，或是经常性的动作，搬箱子可能是我们的职业;不定式则表示一次性或临时性的动作，搬箱子只是我们现在的工作，在此之前或之后，我们的工作不一定是搬箱子。三、I dont like swimming immediately after supper.我不喜欢(你们或其它人)晚饭后马上游泳。I dont like to swim immediately after supper.我不喜欢晚饭后马上游泳。不定式的逻辑主语往往是句子的主语;而动名词的逻辑主语往往是其它人，在否定句中尤为如此。
6、四、She remembered writing to us.她记得曾给我们写过信。She remembers to write to us. 她记住要给我们写信。在某些动词后接动名词表示已经发生过某事，接不定式表示还没发生。五、We stopped talking. 我们停止谈话。 We stopped to talk. 我们(停下别的事 )开始谈话。在某些动词后跟动名词或不定式意义完全相反，在上面两句中，不定式to talk 做谓语动词的目的状语，动名词则做宾语。（二）作宾语高考试题传真1.We enjoy_very much because it is good to our healt
7、h.(1998,上海) A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.to be swimming2.-Let me tell you something about the journalists. -Dont you remember_me the story yesterday? (1999,上海) A.told B.telling C.to tell D.to have told3.The library needs_,but it will have to wait until Sunday.(1991) A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepa
8、red D.was preparing4.She looks forward every spring to_the flower-lined garden. (1995,上海) A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in5.-What are you going to do this afternoon? -Im thinking of_to visit my aunt.(1985) A.go B.going C.having gone D.my going6.-I usually go there by train. -Why not_b
9、y boat for a change.(1992) A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going7.Do you remember_me at a party last year.(1984) A.meet B.to meet C.meeting D.met.有些动词只能跟-ing形式(短语)作宾语，不能跟不定式短语作宾语。这类动词常见的有：consider,dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,cannot help,imagine, keep(on), mind, miss, practi
10、se, cannot stand, suggest等。如：Have you considered looking for one special friend?你是否考虑过找一位挚友。He disliked fighting in any form.他不喜欢任何形式的打架斗殴。I enjoy learning about new things.我喜欢了解新鲜事物。-ing形式(短语)除了可作动词的宾语外，还可作介词宾语。如：He studied ways of keeping seeds.他研究了种子的保存方法。She was very interested in working for ou
11、r company.她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。教你巧学巧记:巧记“动词+动名词”结构在英语中，有些及物动词（组）只能接动名词（组）或动名词短语作宾语，而不能跟动词不定式。为帮助同学们巧记此类动词（组），特介绍如下几种方法。1.通过下面这句话，可以迅速而持久地记住接动名词作宾语的常用动词(组)。即：Dr. EBlack forgets helping Mrs. FBamca.由此句的每一个字母联想一个或两个以上的词（组）：delay, risk ,enjoy,be worth, look forward to, avoid, continue, keep (on), forget,rememb
12、er, object to, give up, hate, escape, try, excuse, succeed in, like, practise, insist on, need, go on, mind, regret, stop, finish, be busy(be used to),admit,miss,cant help,advise.以上的划线词，是可接动名词，也可接不定式作宾语的动词(组)，不过意义有差别。2“Mrs. PBlack missed a beef bag.（P布菜克夫人丢了一只牛肉袋。）” 这句话中的每一个字母均代表一个单词或短语。划线单词或短语也可接不定
13、式（短语）作宾语。(参见“两者均可意不同”一文)M=mind(介意)，r=risk(冒险)，s=succeed in(成功地做)，P=practise(练习)，B=be busy(忙于)，l=look forward to(希望)，a=admit(承认)，c=cant help（禁不住），k=keep on(继续)，m=miss(错过)，i=insist on(坚持)，s=suggest(建议)，s=stop(停止)，e=enjoy（喜爱），d=delay(推迟)，a=advoid(避免)，b=be used to(习惯于)，e=escape(逃避)，e=excuse(原谅)，f=finish
14、（完成），b=be worth(值得)，a=advise(建议)，g=give up(放弃)。3“Dr. FBlack stops helping Mr. FJamhow.” 这个句子有两个特点：它本身就是一个含有“动词+动名词(组)”结构的句子。句中的每个字母又代表一个可接动名词作宾语的动词(划线词也可接不定式)。（参见“两者均可意不同”一文）D=delay,r=remember,F=forget,B=begin,l=love,a=avoid,c=continue,k=keep(on),s=start,t=try,o=object to,p=prefer,s=stop,h=hate,e=en
15、joy,l=like, p= practise, i=insiston, n=need,g=go on,m=mind,r=regret,F=finish, J=justfy, a=admit, m=miss,h=help,o=omit,w=want.4“Farm Pikes”(农场的通行税关卡) 该词组也能帮助我们记住接动名词作宾语的常用动词。F=finish;a=advise,avoid;r=risk,remember;m=mind;P=put off, practice, postpone; I=insist on; k=keep(on);e=enjoy,escape, excuse;s=stop,suggest.下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：be/get used to(习惯于)，stick to（坚持）, object to（反对）, lead to（导致）,devoteto（献身于）, be
