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1、状 语 从 句状语从句：用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。1. 时间状语从句（when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once一旦）It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, he was listening to music.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned C
2、hinese since he came to China.*1）在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.*2）在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”,
3、 “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如： We wont start until Bob comes. He didnt leave until the rain stopped. Dont get off until the bus stops.2. 条件状语从句（if, unless, as/so long as）What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.*1）在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with
4、 your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.*2）“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late. = If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam. = If you study hard, you will pass the exam.3. 地点状语从句（where, wherever） Go wher
5、e you like. Wherever you go, Ill be right here waiting for you. Where there is a will, there is a way.4. 原因状语从句（because, since, as, now that既然，由于）He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.*1）because表示
6、直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there? -Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.*2）because和so不能同用在一个句子里。5. 结果状语从句（sothat, so that, suchthat,
7、that）He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.*1）sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so excited that he couldnt say a w
8、ord.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.*在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：It was
9、 such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.*2）如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：Soon
10、 there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.6. 目的状语从句（in order that为了，以便, so that, that）We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the compute
11、r in order that we might save time.*so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)7. 让步状语从句（though, although, even if, even though, h
12、owever, whatever, as）Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.* although(though)与but不能用在同一个句子中。例如：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.（=It was raining hard, but he still went out.）8. 比较状语从句（asas, soas, than,）Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom
13、is as big as that one.9.方式状语从句讲解（as, as if, as though）As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。We should serve the people as Lei Feng did. 我们应该像雷锋那样为人民服务。*2）as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的，例如：He looks as if (as though) he had
14、 been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。)说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，
15、像要说什么似的。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒练习:一、单项填空( ) 1. _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So( )2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us? -I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be( )3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and cant swim, the dolphins may come up _ him. A. will fall;
