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1、六级汉译英讲义一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序（一）汉译英应试原则手法灵活（如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达）语法正确（避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误）内容忠实（必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删）语言闪光（译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样）（二）汉译英基本程序1理解 通读并透彻理解原文含义2翻译 确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词 3审校 首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正。二、汉译英专项练习一、倍数增减的表示法1)Force N1
2、_(比力N2大2.5倍). 2)This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍). 3)The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).4)The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一). 5)They _(计划将投资增加一倍).二、时态 1)Be quick, _(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了). 2)When she got home, _(孩子们已经睡着了). 3)When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _(我姐姐将在海边度假). 4)I_(一上午都在修改我的简历). 5)Do you ofte
3、n go on holiday? _(不，我已经有五年没有度假了). 6)He joined the army in October, 2001. _(他参军已五年了). 三、被动语态1)The blackboard and chalk _(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).2)The book _(到今年年底就将已出版). 3)Computer models _(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式). 4)When the bill of fare was brought, _(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料). 5)_(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.四、情态
4、动词1)The phone is ringing, _(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).2)I cant find my sunglasses. _(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).3)You screamed in your sleep last night. _(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了). 4)Its a pity. _(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的). 5)_(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.五、虚拟语气1)I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会). 2)I
5、f only _(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.3) Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰). 4)Its high time that _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题). 5)Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的). 6)We insist that _(让杰克立刻进医院).7)It was advised that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店). 8
6、)His proposal was that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题). 9)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考试). 10)It is ridiculous that _(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).11)It is essential that _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备). 12)_(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.13)I was to have made a speech _(要不是有人把我的话打
7、断了).14)It didnt rain last night. _(要是下了，地就会湿的). 15)_(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.16)If the doctor had not come in time, _(他现在就不在人间了). 17)But for his help, _(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了). 18)I used my calculator; _(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).19)Were I in your place, _(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会). 20)Had it not been f
8、or their opposition, _(这项法案早就通过了). 21)Should there be another world war, _(人类的继续存在就会有危险). 22)He walked lightly _(以免惊醒婴儿).六、不定式1)It was a great achievement _(10个月建成一栋24层的楼). 2)It is necessary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉). 3)It is generous _(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民). 4)The teacher decided _(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生). 5)Mr. Green was w
9、ondering _ (是否去看望在法国的儿子). 6)The gardener _(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水). 7)We _(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座). 8)He feels it challenging _(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席). 9)We hope to have more opportunities _(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践). 10)The bad weather _(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划). 11)The environmentalists are against _(在郊区建一座核电站的决定). 12)Sally Ride was t
10、he first _(探索外部空间的美国妇女). 13)They lifted a rock _(结果砸了自己的脚). 14)He was surprised _(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学). 15)I am sorry _(占用了您这么多时间). 16)I happened _(在他冲进来的时候站在门口). 17)She doesnt like _(被当作客人). 18)If you want to save money, youd better _(到校园书店买旧书). 19)We did nothing _(除了整天打桥牌). 20)We were made _(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚
11、). 七、分词1)This is the first time that I heard _(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”). 2)The cars _(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed. 3)The war went on for years, _(夺去了成千上万人的生命). 4)The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _(将平均产量提高了15%). 5)Einstein watched the toy in delight, _(想推导出它的运转原理). 6)_(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking
12、 and began to study. 7)_(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education. 8)_(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man. 9)_(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them. 八、动名词1)_(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good. 2)They tried to avoid _(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情). 3)Developing varieties is the key to _(使我们的产品进入国际市场). 4)It is no use _
