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1、巧用构词法记忆初中英语单词初中生学习构词法基础知识也是特别有利处的，那就是它能够使我们能够轻松认识更多单词，以一种奇妙的方式扩大词汇量，短期内记着更多的单词。今日，就和小简老师一同来学习构词法的基础知识吧！英语中的构词法主要有三种，即转变法、合成法和派生法。一.转变法在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转变为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转变法。1. 动词转变为名词 Letmehavea?try.?让我试一试。Theyareonlyallowedtosellsoft?drinks?atschool.在学校里只允许他们销售不含酒精的饮料。2. 名词转变为动词 He?shouldered?hiswa
2、ythroughthecrowd.他用肩膀推开人群行进。Thesmellfromthekitchenmadehismouth?water.从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。3. 形容词转变为动词 Wewilltryourbestto?better?ourlivingconditions.我们要全力改良我们的生活状况。 Theytriedto?perfect?theworkingconditions.他们努力改良工作条件。4. 形容词转变为名词Hedidntknowthedifferencebetween?right?and?wrong.他不辨是非。 The?old?inourvillageareli
3、vingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。5. 形容词转变为副词- 根源网络，仅供个人学习参照 How?long?haveyoulivedthere?你在那边住多久了？6. 个别词在必定场合中可转变为名词 Warmclothesarea?must?inthemountains.穿温暖的衣服到山区去是一定的。 Lifeisfullof?ups?and?downs.人生有喜悦时也有失落时。Hisargumentcontainstoomany?ifs?and?buts.他的争辩中含有太多的“假如”和“可是”。二.合成法由两个或两个以上的单词连在一同合成一个新词，这类构词法叫做合成法
4、，合成的词叫做合成词。合成词一般看其词，知其意。1. 合成名词名词/代词+名词?newspaper?blood-test?she-wolf动词+名词?typewriter?pickpocket?daybreak形容词+名词?greenhouse?highway?副词+名词?overcoat?outside名词+v.-ing/v.-ing+名词?handwriting?reading-room?freezing-point?动词+副词/副词+动词?breakthrough?get-together?outbreak?outcome名词+介词+名词?sister-in-law?editor-in-
5、chief?2. 合成形容词名词+形容词/形容词+名词?world-famous?duty-free?large-scale?long-term副词+形容词?over-anxious?evergreen名词+过去分词?man-made?sun-burnt名词+此刻分词?peace-loving?English-speaking形容词+此刻分词?good-looking?easy-going?副词+过去分词?well-informed?widespread副词+此刻分词?hardworking?far-reaching形容词+名词+ed?warm-hearted?absent-minded数词+
6、名词+ed?three-legged?ten-storied数词+名词?one-way?fivestar数词+名词+形容词?ten-year-old?800-meter-long名词+to+名词?faceto-face?door-to-door?3. 合成动词名词+动词?baby-sit?sleepwalk?副词+动词?outnumber?underestimate?overwork- 根源网络，仅供个人学习参照形容词+动词?whitewash4. 合成副词形容词名词?meanwhile?anyway形容词副词?everywhere?anyhow副词副词?however介词名词?beforeh
7、and?overhead介词副词?forever?5. 合成代词代词宾格self/selves?herself?themselves物主代词self/selves?myself?yourselves?形容词名词?anything?nothing6. 合成介词副词名词?inside?outside介词副词?without?within副词介词?into三.派生法由一个词加上前缀或后缀组成一个与原单词意义邻近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。1. 前缀除少量前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。（1）表示否认意义的前缀un-?unhappy?unfinished?undress dis-?
8、disagree?disbelieve in-il-(在字母l前)，im-(在字母m,b,p前)，ir-(在字母r前 )?inaccurate?illegal?impolite?imbalance?irregular mis-?misbehave?mislead?mistake non-?nonstop?nonsmoker（2）表示其余意义的前缀 en-?“使”enrich?enlarge?encourage inter-?“互相”international?intercontinental re-?“再，又，重”rethink?retell?recycle tele-?“远程的”telesc
9、ope?telephone?telegraph auto-?“自动的”automatic?automobile co-?“共同”coworker?cooperatecoexist anti-?“反对，抵挡”antiwar?antifreeze?antinuclear- 根源网络，仅供个人学习参照 multi-?“多”multistorymulticultural?multicolor bi-?“双，二”bicyclebilingual?bilateral micro-?“极小的，细小的”microwave?microcomputerover-?“太多，过分”overwork?overdo?ov
10、erestimate self-?“自己，自己”self-centeredself-confident?self-control under-?“在下边，下的，不足的”underline,underground,?underestimate,underrate2.后缀（1）形容词后缀-able?“可的，拥有的”acceptable?drinkable?knowledgeable?reasonable?-al?“与相关的”physical,magical,political-an?“属于某地方的人”American?African?-ern?“方向”southern,northern,easte
11、rn-ful/less?（“没）有的”helpful,useful,?homeless,hopeless-ish?“如的；有特点的”foolish?childish?selfish-ive?“有偏向的”active?attractive?expensive-en?“由制成的”golden?wooden?woolen-ous?“有（性质）的”famous,dangerous,poisonous-ly?“有性质的”friendly?yearly?daily-y?“组成形容词”noisy?dusty?cloudy（2）名词后缀-er/or?“表人或器具”?farmer,baker,visitor,p
12、rofessor,cooker,container-ese?“某国（人）的”Chinese,Japanese-ian?“某国、某地人；精晓的人”musician,Asian,Russian,technician-ist?“某种主义或职业者”physicist,scientist,communist，socialist-ess?“表女性，雌性”hostess,actress,princess-ment?“行为或其状态”government,movement,achievement-ness?“性质，状态”illness,sadness,carelessness-tion?“动作，过程，结果”in
13、vention,organization,translation-ance/ence?“抽象；行为、性质、状态”importance,appearance,absence,existence-th?“性质、状况”?depth,warmth,truth?-ful?“（满的）量”handful,spoonful,mouthful-(a)bility?抽“象、性质、状态”possibility,disability,reliability-al?“过程、状态”survival,arrival,approval-y?“性质、状况”modesty,delivery,honesty-dom?“处于状态；性
14、质”freedom,boredom-age?“状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage,storage,marriage- 根源网络，仅供个人学习参照（3）动词后缀-fy/ify?使“得；变得”?simplify,beautify,purify-en?“使成为；变得”?shorten,deepen,sadden-ize?“使成为”?apologize,realize,specialize（4）副词后缀-ly?“方式，程度”?freely,truly,angrily-ward(s)?“向”?towards,forward,upwards（5）数词后缀-teen?“十几”?fourteen,eighteen,thirteen-ty?“整十位数”?forty,fifty,six
