《第3章第二节句子表达的准确性-被动语态句型.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第3章第二节句子表达的准确性-被动语态句型.doc（4页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、第3章第二节句子表达的准确性-被动语态句型.txt2机会靠自己争取，命运需自己把握，生活是自己的五线谱，威慑呢们不亲自演奏好它？第二节 句子表达的准确性三、被动语态句型【句型19】主语+am(is, are)+过去分词+ 主语+was(were)+过去分词+【佳句存盘】 1.I am trusted by the boss.(= The boss trusts me.)老板信任我。 2.You are treated very well by your teacher.(= Your teacher treats you very well.)老师对你很好。 3.She is respecte
2、d by all her students.(= All her students respect her.) 全体学生都尊敬她。 4.The little child was saved by Tom.(= Tom saved the little child.) 这个小孩被汤姆救起来了。 5.The new houses were built by the villagers themselves.(= The villagers themselves built the new houses.)这些新房子都是由村民们自己建造的。【写作点津】 本句型是一般现在时和一般过去时的被动结构。注意
3、上述例句中动词 be 随主语的人称和数而变化。英语中被动语态的句子很多，译成汉语时，被动结构常可译成主动结构(见例句1-例句3)。如果译成被动结构(如例句1 我被老板信任着)就不是通顺的汉语了。当然，英语的被动结构也可以译成“被”，“由”等(见例句4和例句5)。如果不必说明动作的执行者，则英语被动句中的by-短语也常可省略。 Exercise 19 Put the following sentences into English. 1 这本书是去年由郑州大学出版社出版的。 2 世界上许多国家都广泛地使用英语。 3 我们这所学校是解放前建造的。 4 这些邮票都是我父亲年轻时收集的。 5 昨天开了
4、一次会。几位老师由于工作努力在会上受到表扬。参考答案 1 The book was published by Zhengzhou University Publishing House last year. 2 English is widely used in many countries in the world. 3 Our school was founded before liberation. 4 These stamps were collected by my father when he was young. 5 A meeting was held yesterday. S
5、everal teachers were praised for their hard work at the meeting.【句型20】主语+will/shall be+过去分词+【佳句存盘】 1. We shall be asked to attend the meeting. 我们将应邀参加会议。 2. The library will be completed at the end of the year. 图书馆将在年底建成。 3. The sports meeting will be held next week. 运动会将于下周举行。【写作点津】 本句型表示一般将来时的被动语态
6、。第一人称单、复数用 shall，其余人称用 will。在美国英语中，所有人称都可以用 will。将来时的其他表示法，如 be going to, be to 等，也可以有相应的被动语态结构，如“be going to be+过去分词”，“be to be+过去分词”。例如： The presents are going to be posted tomorrow. 这些礼物将于明日寄出。 These goods are to be shipped next Wednesday. 这些货物定于下星期三用船运出。 Exercise 20 Put the following sentences i
7、nto English. 1 杨利伟的名字将永远被中国人所铭记。 2 这个实验将在两周内完成。 3 会议将在下周一九点举行。 4 他们将不允许进入这座大楼。 5 我的家乡将要建更多的工厂。参考答案 1 The name of Yang Liwei will be remembered by the Chinese people forever. 2 The experiment will be finished in two weeks. 3 The meeting will be held at nine oclock next Monday. 4 They will not be allo
8、wed to enter the building. 5 More factories will be built in our hometown.【句型21】主语+is(am, are)+being+过去分词+ 主语+was(were)+being+过去分词+【佳句存盘】 1. She is being examined by a doctor. 医生正在给她做检查。 2. They are being tried by some policemen. 警察正在审问他们。 3. The ice in the basin is being turned into water. 盆里的冰正在变成
9、水。 4. The classroom was being cleaned when the teacher came in. 老师进来时，教室还正在打扫呢。 5. Some workshops were being built when we went to the factory. 我们到那家工厂时，有几个车间还正在修建。【写作点津】 本句型表示现在进行时和过去进行时的被动语态，其中的being 是 be 的现在分词(be+ing)，有进行的意味。在使用进行时的被动语态结构时，切不可将句型中的 being 漏掉。 Exercise 21 Put the following sentence
10、s into English. 1 袁帅的自行车正在被修理。 2 你打电话时，客人正在被领着参观我们的学校。 3 这些问题正在被一群专家讨论着。 4 湖边正在兴建一座新的图书馆。 5 那些书正在印刷中，并将于下个月出版。参考答案 1 Yuan Shuais bike is being repaired. 2 The guests were being shown around our school when you phoned. 3 The problems are being discussed by a group of experts. 4 A new library is being
11、 built by the lake. 5 Those books are being printed and will be published next month.【句型22】主语+have(has)been+过去分词+ 主语+had been+过去分词+【佳句存盘】 1. The passengers have been sent to a hotel by the driver. 旅客们已由这位司机送到饭店去了。 2. A new school has been opened in my hometown. 我的家乡开办了一所新的学校。 3. He told me this prog
12、ramme had been shown on TV. 他告诉我，这个节目已经在电视上演过。【写作点津】 本句型是现在完成时和过去完成时的被动语态。在现在完成时的被动语态中，除主语是第三人称单数要用 has 外，其余人称均用 have。由于过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，因而要同表示过去的时间状语或谓语动词连用，在过去完成时的被动语态中也不例外(见例句3)。 Exercise 22 Put the following sentences into English. 1 所有脏衣服都已经洗过了。 2 那些信都在四点钟以前写完了。 3 我们的寝室还没有打扫过。 4 这些机器都已经修理好了。 5 那位
13、官员说，空气和水都被污染了。参考答案 1 All the dirty clothes have been washed. 2 Those letters had been finished by 4 oclock. 3 Our bedroom has not been cleaned. 4 The machines have been repaired. 5 The officials said that air and water had been polluted.【句型23】主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+【佳句存盘】 1. The lock can be fixed right awa
14、y. 这把锁可以立刻修好。 2. The compositions must be handed in after class. 作文必须在下课后交上来。 3. They may be invited to the dinner party. 他们有可能被邀请参加餐会。 4. He asked whether these tools might be needed in his work. 他问这些工具是否可能在他的工作中需要。【写作点津】 含有情态动词的被动语态是在情态动词后加“be+过去分词”结构。could, might, had to 分别是 can, may, must的过去式。 E
15、xercise 23 Put the following sentences into English. 1 这块桌布必须清洗了。 2 图画必须在星期五以前交上来。 3 我们的旅行得推迟到下星期。 4 不可以带婴儿入音乐厅。 5 运动会应当在五一节以前举行。参考答案 1 The table cloth must be cleaned(washed). 2 The drawings must be handed in before Friday. 3 Our journey must(has to)be delayed until next week. 4 Babies may not be taken into the concert hall. 5 The sports meeting should be held before Labour Day.【句型24】主语+be+短语动词的过去分词+【佳句存盘】 1.
