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1、 GCT英语阅读理解专项训练(四)In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy (坏血病), a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in 1535, an English shi
2、p arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The mens lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and N
3、ew Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors. Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called “vitamins”. Qu
4、ite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought
5、 to increase significantly our susceptibility (敏感度) to colds and influenza. The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended perio
6、ds of religious fasting (斋戒), or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins. 11. Scurvy is a disease that is provoked by _ A. salted meat and biscuits B. exhaustion C. want of some essential substances D. lack of fresh vegetables and fru
7、its 12. In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, “warded off” could probably be replaced by _. A. got rid of B. killedC. avoided D. cleared away 13. To avoid such disease as scurvy, its better for us _. A. not to eat much salted meatB. to supplement our diet with various vitamin pills C. to have more fr
8、esh fruit and vegetablesD. to develop a good dietary habit 14. Based on the passage we can safely conclude that if our diet is not comprehensive enough _. A. vitamin pills are of no availB. nutritious food might be unhealthy C. vegetable leaves can be a good remedyD. religious fasting may help out a
9、 lot 15. Which of the following sentences best expresses the central ideal of the passage? A. Deficiencies of Vitamin C may cause serious diseases. B. Fresh fruit and green vegetables contain enough nutrition that is necessary for a healthy body. C. Vitamins play a vitally important role in peoples
10、health. D. A good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us. 11.【答案】C。 【解析】对于scurvy(败血症)整个第一段都在介绍其状况，是什么引起它的呢?这就要求读者对这一段的各细节都精确理解，文中很明确地提到败血症是由于水手的饮食中缺少一些东西而引起的，而败血症又可通过吃新奇蔬果而避开，这是否意味着败血症是由于缺少新奇蔬果而引起的呢?从字面看，好像是正确的，有的读者会选D项，但我们认真理解每一选项及原文，新奇蔬果为什么能避开败血症，固然是由于其中含有丰富的维生素，从下文主要叙述的对象维生素来看，我们
11、也可猜到，真正引起败血症的是缺乏蔬果中的维生素，所以C项者是最精确的。 12.【答案】C。（北京安通学校供应） 【解析】用一个词或短语代替另一个词或短语，也是对词义的考察，通常可以从上下文来推断，既然败血症的产生缘由已被查明，那么通过供应新奇蔬果败血症固然能被“避开”。A项的除掉明显不正确，由于防治败血症可以通过多吃蔬果，但要除掉一种病症却不是那么简洁的事。B项“杀死”，这与A项意思根本相像，也是不正确的。C项“避开”这与原文相符。D项“去除”这也与A、B两项相近，是不正确的。 13.【答案】D。 【解析】如何避开败血症的方法，文中已提到，可通过多吃新奇蔬果的方法，正如第一题一样，透过外表文字
12、新奇蔬果的真正意义是什么?固然是指水手们单一的腌肉饮食太不合理，要补充蔬果以增加维生素，也就是说需要合理的饮食习惯，这样在认真理解原文和选项后，我们不难发觉D项是最适宜的答案。 14.【答案】B。 【解析】这一题需要我们对全文都理解后才能得出答案，假如我们的食物摄取不够广泛会如何?A项“维生素丸没有用”，而文中未曾提到维生素丸的作用，而依据常识服食维生素丸是可以补充临时的维生素缺乏的，因此A不正确。B项“有养分的食物也可能是不安康的”，正如文中提到的腌肉，虽然腌肉也有养分，但只吃咸肉而没有足够的维生素，水手们依旧患了败血症，其次段第一句也表达了此意，因此B项是正确的。C项“蔬菜叶子可以作为一味
13、好药”，假如食物摄取不广泛，蔬菜叶子并不能作万能的药，在文中它只适合于败血症的治疗，所以C项不精确。D项“宗教式的斋戒会很有帮忙”，而文中提到，在进展斋戒时需要特殊补充某些缺乏的维生素，所以D项不正确。 15.【答案】C。 【解析】这一题是读者对全文中心的理解，文章以败血症开篇引出维生素的重要性，末尾也提到了维生素的摄取途径，而这些都是为了突出维生素的重要性效劳的。因此这篇文章的中心在于叙述维生素的重要性，所以应选C项。 Text 8 The exact number of English words is not known. The large dictionaries have over
14、 half a million entries, but many of these are compound words (schoolroom, sugar bowl) or different derivatives of the same word (rarerarely, rarefy), and a good many are obsolete words to help us read older literature. Dictionaries do not attempt to cover completely words that we can draw on: the i
15、nformal vocabulary, especially slang, localism, the terms of various occupations and professions; words use only occasionally by scientists and specialists in many fields; foreign words borrowed for use in English; or many new words or new senses of words that come into use every year and that may or may not be used long enough to warrant being included. It would be conservative to say that there are over
