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1、时间状语从句（adverbial clause of time）1.when, while和as的区别：when（当时）引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。例如：It was raining when we arrived. 我们到达时，天正下着雨。While(在过程中，当时)引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生或者主句动作发生在从句过程中。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，wa
2、s reading和was watching同时发生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）As(一边一边，当时)引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；也可以强调一先一后。例如：We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边一边”）As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）2.由before和af
3、ter引导的时间状语从句before(在以前) 表主句动作发生在从句之前例如：It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。They had not been married four months before they were divorced.
4、他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。after（在以后）表主句动作发生在从句之后After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）3.until（到为止，直到才）如果谓语动词为肯定式，则until译为“到时候为止”。例如： I watched TV until she came back. 我看电视一直看到她回来。 I worked unt
5、il he came back.我工作到他回来为止。Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。如果谓语动词为否定式，则until应译为“到时候才”。例如： I did not watch TV until she came back. （= I began to watch TV when/after she came back.） 直到她回来我才开始看电视。 I didnt go to bed until my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。I didnt work until he came back.直到他回来我才开始工作
6、。as soon as（一就）表从句动作一旦发生，主句动作就会发生或可能发生。例如：Ill tell you about it as soon as school is over. 一放学我就告诉你。Ill write to you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就写信给你。4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is 时间since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：I have been in Beijin
7、g since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the mi
8、nute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一就”。例如：I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan相当于as soon as之
9、意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。Hardly had I sat down
10、 when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如：By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。By the
11、time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如：Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that hes about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。
12、You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“只要“例如：You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。这是一般现在，一般过去，现在进行，过
13、去进行，现在完成，过去完成，现在完成进行，一般将来，过去将来时的时间状语:1.Often,usually-动词原型do,does,am,is, are2.yesterday,last Sunday,in the past-动词过去式did,was,were3.now-be+doing4.while,at that time,-was doing,were doing5.since从句,for 2 days,-have done,have been6.by+过去的某个时间点-had done,had been7.与现在完成相似-have been+持续动词ing形式8.一切表示将来的时间状语，in+一段时间-将来要发生的一般性动作,will,shall+原型9.与一般将来时相似-would+原型
