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1、Unit 2 Poems .阅读理解A(2018全国)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each o
2、ther.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In
3、 recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chi
4、nese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has o
5、nly around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already
6、well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none
7、of these seems to have much chance of survival.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,语种众多。但是随着工业化、贸易、全球化等的发展,许多语种消失了。1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“W
8、hen the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers.they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them”可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,人们使用的语言种类很多。2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据上文提到的“.all have caused many languages to
9、 disappear”和下文的“such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在逐渐取代一些语言。由此可猜测该词的意思是“占优势的”,所以选C项。3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“At present,the world has
10、about 6,800 languages”和最后一句中的“is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that”可知,B项正确。4.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.G
11、eography determines language evolution.答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,语种众多。但是随着工业化、贸易、全球化等的发展,许多语种消失了。由此可知,人类的发展导致了语种的减少,所以选C项。BJosh Ferrin picked up the keys to their new house in Salt Lake City earlier this week.He was excited to finally have a place his family could call their own.As he walked i
12、nto the garage,a box caught his eye.“I felt very surprised and called my wife.She wouldnt believe what I had found,” said Ferrin,who was working as an artist for the Deseret News in Salt Lake City.Then he found seven more boxes,all full of cash.Ferrin quickly took the boxes to his parents house to c
13、ount.Along with his wife,they put thousands of bills on a table.They stopped counting at $40,000,but thought there was at least $5,000 more on the table.Ferrin thought about how so much money could buy things he never thought he could afford.“I wish I could say there was never any doubt in my mind,”
14、 Ferrin said.“But the money wasnt ours and I dont believe you get a chance very often to do something honest and that is a lesson I hope to teach my children.”He then thought about the homes previous owner,Arnold Bangerter,who died in November and left the house to his son.So Ferrin called Bangerter
15、s son with the news.Paul Bangerter knew his father hid money away because he once found a roll of cash taped under a drawer in their home,but he never considered his dad had hidden so much over the years.“He grew up in hard times and people that survived that time didnt have anything when they came
16、out of it unless they saved it themselves,” said Paul Bangerter.“He was a saver,not a spender.”“Im a father,and I worry about the future for my kids,” Ferrin said.“I can see him putting that money away for a rainy day.”【语篇导读】Ferrin搬进新家后偶然发现了先前的房主积攒的几箱子钱,他联系到房主的儿子,将这笔钱还给了他。5.Seeing so much cash,Ferrins first thought was to .A.ask his parents to hide itB.put it back where
