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1、专题4.2 Working the land【学以致用】三、重点句型剖析1. if so状语从句的省略形式【教材原句】If so, what did you do to grow them?【方法规律】if so意为“如果这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义，如例；如果表示否定意义，则用if not，如例。Do you agree that I will put our visit to Yunnan off? If so, write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.你赞同我推迟我们去云南的旅行吗？如果赞同，请
2、尽快写信告诉我。I might see you tomorrow. If not, then itll be Saturday.我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。【归纳拓展】if构成的其他形式的省略：if ever 如果有过/发生过的话if any 如果有的话if possible 如果可能的话if necessary 如果有必要The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if ever, reaching 30 in summer.这里的气候非常宜人，气温即使在夏天也很少达到30度。即学即练用if的省略形式
3、完成下列句子。(1)Is everybody feeling cold？_, let us open the windows. 大家感到冷吗？如果不，我们把窗户打开吧。(2)Will you be free this Sunday？_, lets go camping. 这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。(3)_, Ill come at nine tomorrow. 如果有必要的话，我明天会在九点来。【答案】 (3)If necessary 2. would rather do . 宁愿做【教材原句】He would much rather keep time for his hobb
4、ies.【方法规律】句子would rather (not) do sth.“宁愿（不）做”，与之相关的其他句型还有：would rather do sth. than do sth.=would do sth. rather than do sth.=prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做而不愿做would rather+从句（过去时），表示现在或将来虚拟；would rather+从句（过去完成时），表示过去虚拟，would rather have done，表示本来想做而未实现。Jane is a quiet girl, who would ra
5、ther stay in the library than go to see a movie.Jane is a quiet girl, who prefer to stay (stay) in the library rather than go to see a movie.简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。We would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.我们宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里，但
6、是这是她的选择，她已不再是小孩了。即学即练(1)I _ swimming today.A. would rather not go B. would not rather goC. would rather not to go D. would not rather to go(2)Id rather _ the basketball match last night. Otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now.A.not have watched B. not watch C. hadnt watch D. havent wat
7、ch【答案】(2) A would rather not have done意为“本不想做(实际却做了)”。后一句句意：否则我现在已经完成了我的文件，所以前句表示“本不想看球赛却看了”，故选A项。3. 序数词后面用不定式作定语【教材原句】In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.【方法规律】不定式放在表示次序的词the first，the last以及the best，the only，the very，the right等词后面，且这些词
8、与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系，结构为：the first/last/best/only/very/right.+n.+ to do sth表示“第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的做某事的人/物。”如：(1)He is the first to finish the homework.他第一个完成作业。(2)New Zealand is the first in modern times to allow women to vote.新西兰成为现代史上第一个允许妇女有选举权的国家。【即学即练】He is the last person _ to Marys birthday
9、party.A. to inviteB. to be invitedC. invitedD. being invited【答案】B 考查不定式作定语的用法。当名词前面有序数词或last，next等词修饰时，名词后面多用不定式作定语。四、重点语法突破动词-ing形式作主语和宾语动词-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语，本单元重点学习动词-ing形式在句中作主语和宾语的一些基本用法。1. 作主语动词-ing形式作主语时，句子有两种形式：(1)动词-ing形式直接置于句首主语的位置上。如：Playing tricks on others is something we should nev
10、er do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能做的。Learning new words is very important for me. 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。(2)用形式主语it，把真正的主语动词-ing形式移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。如：useful，useless，good，fun，no use，worth。如：It is useless trying to argue with him. 和他争辩是没有什么用的。It is pleasant working with you. 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的事。【归纳拓展】常用-ing形式作主语
11、的句型有：It+be+a waste of time doing. 做是浪费时间的。It is/was worth/worthwhile doing. 做是值得的。There is no sense in doing. 做没有道理。There is/was no point doing. 做无意义。2. 作宾语(1)动词-ing形式作宾语有两种情况：一是有些动词后只能接动词-ing形式作宾语；二是有些动词后既可接动词-ing形式，也可接不定式形式作宾语。只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，
12、risk，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practice，cannot stand，put off，give up等。如：Have you considered looking for one special friend? 你是否考虑过找一位挚友?Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?既可接动词-ing形式又可接不定式形式作宾语的动词（短语），常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，try，mean
13、，forget，remember，hate等。a. 在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动词-ing形式与不定式形式意义不同。动词-ing形式表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式形式表示后于谓语动作。如：I remember posting the letter. 我记得我已把信寄了。Ill remember to post the letter. 我会记着去寄信的。I regret missing the report. 我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。I regret to say I cant take your advice. 我遗憾地告诉你，我不能接受你的建议。b. 在try
14、，mean之后，意义各不相同。如：try to do (设法)，try doing (试着)；mean to do (打算、有意要做)，mean doing (意味着)。如：I didnt mean to make you angry. 我并不想让你生气。Your plan would mean spending hours. 你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。c. go on doing 和go on to dogo on doing继续做一直在做的事；go on to do接着做另外一件事。如：Please go on doing the same exercise. 请接着做这同一个练习。P
15、lease go on to do the other exercise. 请做另外一个练习。(2)作介词宾语动词-ing形式可与介词一起构成介词短语介词+动词-ing形式I apologize for being so angry with you. 我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。动词+介词+动词-ing形式I insist on taking proper food for this expedition. 我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。【名师指津】下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或动词-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to，look forward to，stick to，be used to等。即学即练(1)用所给词的适当形式填空It is a waste of time _ (try) to persuade hi
