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1、专题二代词和数词一、代词在句子中代替名词或名词词组的词。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为人称代 词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。1 人称代词还有主格和宾格之分，在句中作主语和宾语。它有人称、数和格的变化。I saw him in the street yesterday after noon.2. 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，它有形容词性和名词性两种。形容词性物主代词相当于形容 词的性质，放在名词之前，在句中常作定语。名词性物主代词相当于名词，后面不能使用名词， 在句中作主语、宾语和表语。Their school is twice
2、as big as ours.3. 反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词宾格，后面加词尾self或 者selves构成。反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性、数上保持一致。反身代词在句中可用作动词宾语、介词宾语、表语和同位语。Tom taught himself maths whe n he was 10 years old.4指示代词是用来指示或标志人或事物的代词。它们主要有：this, that, these, those指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方都熟悉的语境。指示代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。This car is not
3、mine. That one over there is mine.5. 疑问代词是引导的疑问句为特殊疑问句。一般放在疑问句的句首。疑问代词有who，whom， whose, what，which。其中 who，whom，whose只能指人，what和 which 可指人或物。Which of the two boys is your youn ger brother?6. 不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。不定代词有：some, any, nc和every以 及这些词与one, body和thing构成的复合词。它们在句中可作主语和宾语等成分。Miss Liu is such
4、a good teacher that every one in our school likes her.7. 相互代词主要有 each other和 one ano the。8. 关系代词主要用在定语从句中。二、数词数词：表示数目多少或顺序多少的词，数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词：表示数目多少的数词。序数词：表示顺序的数词。一、英语中代词的相关知识庞杂，在语言使用中有极为频繁。虽然代词的用法看似简单，但其实 并不容易。一般说来，高考试题中主要对人称代词、反身代词和不定代词进行考查，常见的有以 下几种情况：1. 人称代词和反身代词作宾语人称代词主要用来代替表示人的名词或词组，有人称、数、性和
5、格之分，在句中常作主语、宾语 和补语。反身代词由 物主代词+ self (selves)构成，在句中可作宾语、补语和同位语。This car does nt bel ong to me. It bel ongs to my sister.Treat yourself to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day.2. one, it和that的用法one指代上文的单数名词，泛指不特定的名词，ones为其复数形式；the one代替前面的单数名词， 表示特指，往往其后有定语。it指代前面提到过的名词，即前面提到的那个特定的事
6、物。that代替上文出现过的名词；它既可替代单数可数名词，也可替代不可数名词。Meeti ng my uncle after all these years was an un forgettable mome nt, one I will always treasure.I am look ing for my pen, but I have nt found it.We all know the weather in the south is much warmer tha n that in the n orth.3. some, every, no和any及其构成的复合不定代词的用法s
7、ometh ing (body / on e), anything (body), everyth ing (body), nothing (body等 在句中可作主语、宾语等 成分，在试题中一般通过具体的语境来考查。Jim sold most of his thin gs. He has hardly anything left in the house.I agree with most of what you said, but I cant agree with everyth ing.4. all, any, none, both, either和 neither 的用法What d
8、o you thi nk of the performa nee today?Great! None but a musical genius could perform so successfully.I had to buy all these books because I did nt know which one was the best.含义两者三者或三者以上都bothall任何一个eitherany都不n eithernone5. the other, ano the和 the others, others 的用法I dont like this dress, so please
9、 show me ano ther.Some are dancing and singing; others are liste ning to stories.ano ther指三者或三者以上中事物的 另一个”the other指两个事物中的 另一个”others指不定的 其他的人或事物”the others在一个固定范围之内的 其余的；其他的”二、复习数词时要注意以下几点：1. 在序数词前可以加不定冠词a表示 再一；又一 ”之意。We will have to do it a sec ond time.I have had a third apple.2. 分数的表示法英语中分数的写法我们
10、可以记住下面的口诀： 分子基数词，分母序数词。分子大于一，分母用复数。About three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by water.One third of the pupils in our class like playing football.3. 倍数的表示法倍数的表示方法是高考的重点，常见的有以下三种形式：倍数+ as +形容词/副词+ asIt is said that our new school is three times as big as our present one.(2)倍数+形容词/副词的比
11、较级+ thanThere are twice more stude nts in our school tha n in theirs.倍数+ the size (length, height.) ofThe new building is five times the size of the old one.4. hundred,thousand, million, score和 dozen等词的用法hundred和thousand等词和具体数字连用时要用单数形式，与of连用时要用复数形式。There are more tha n three thousa nd stude nts in
12、their school.Milli ons of people watched the games on TV last ni ght.5. 年代或岁数的表达方法表示年代和岁数时用逢十的基数词的复数形式来表示。In the 1990s, when he was in his thirties, he went abroad for further study.It is not rare in the 1980s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education. 6 .编号的表达法第一课 L
13、ess on One / The First Less on502 房间 Room 502新府路 88 号 88 Xinfu Road新泰一中Xi nTai No. 1 Middle School7.数词的修饰语表示 大约”的常用词语有about, nearly, some, arounc或or so。表示 超过”的常用词语有 over或 more than。表示 不超过； 少于”用less than或fewer than。The sea covers nearly three fourths of the worlds surface.The oil wells will all run d
14、ry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.Eve n un der the best con diti ons, we could nt finish in less tha n three days.高考真题探究(2006 2011)【2011 湖南卷)26】 One third of the countrycovered with trees and the majority of thecitizensblack people.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; areD. are; is【答案】A【考点】考
15、查主谓一致。【解析】整个国家为整体，三分之一的部分当然也应用单数；而the majority of citizens主要指人， 是可数名词，此时的谓语动词用复数，表示大多数，大部分”10全国 U Barbara is easy to recognize as she s the only one of the women whoeveningdress.A.wear B.wears C.has wornD.have worn答案B考点考查主谓一致和时态。解析首先the only one of 为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one,即one是主语，而非后面的 复数women,根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A, D。另外，从“is可以看出句子 是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C,故选A07 浙江It is reported that the floods have left aboutpeoph homeless.A.two thousand B.two-lhoUSGIlclsC.two thousands D.two thousands of答案A考点本题考查数词的用法
