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1、细心整理此时此刻完成时和过去完成时1此时此刻完成时：1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对此时此刻造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经起先，持续到此时此刻的动作或状态。 2.时间状语：时间标记词these days,recently, lately,in/during the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, in the past (last) few days,so far ,once, twice ,for时间段，since过去的时间点，since般过去时的从句等。 3.根本构造： have/has + done 4
2、.否认形式： have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句： 把have或has放于句首。6.反义疑问句： 干脆用has /have 进展反问7.此时此刻完成时的用法 ：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对此时此刻造成的影响或产生的结果。如： Have you had your lunch yet？你吃过午饭了吗？ Yes，I have.Ive just had it.是的，我刚吃过。(此时此刻不饿了) I have closed the door. (门此时此刻是关的)表示从过去起先始终持续到此时此刻的动作或状态，可能还要持续下去，常与for或since连用。表示持续的动作或状态多为持
3、续性动词。如： He has lived here since l999.自从1999年以来，他就住在这儿。 I have learnt English for ten years.我学习英语有10年了。 We have lived here for two years. (过去住到此时此刻)8. 难点：1此时此刻完成时可和疑问词where, why, how 连用，但不能和when连用.故此时此刻完成时对时间的提问不用when，只用how long。 Where have you been? Why have you turned off the radio? When have you c
4、ome back? () He has been in China for 4 years. (提问) When() / How long() has he been in China?2have been to /have gone to /have been in 的区分 have been to +地点 表示曾经去过某地，现人已返回。(once ,twice .) have gone to +地点 表示人已去了某地，人还未返回。(where is sb ?) have been in +地点 表示在某地呆多长时间。for./ since . I have been to Beijing
5、twice. Where is Tom? He has gone to HK.Lucy has been in this school for two years.3)短暂性动词和持续性动词的此时此刻完成时A. 假设后面没有时间状语“for + 时间段，since + 时间点”时，短暂性和持续性动词都可用于此时此刻完成时。如：I have bought(短暂) a new computer. () He has already lived (持续) in the small village. ()B. 假设后面有时间状语“for + 时间段，since + 时间点”时，要用持续性动词或短暂性动
6、词的否认。如： They have stayed (持续) in the village for 10 years. I have taught(持续) English at this school since 5 years ago.You havent received (短暂)her letter for 2 weeks.We havent left (短暂)China since 20 years ago.留意：非持续性动词的否认形式可以与表示持续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。错I have received his letter for a month. 对I ha
7、vent received his letter for almost a month.C. 短暂性动词的确定不能与“for + 时间段，since + 时间点”连用，假设要和他们连用那么要将短暂性动词变为相对应的动词。如：I have come here for 3 years. ()I have been here for 3 years.( )现举例说明这类动词的变更：下划线的词是错的，括号里的词是对的，borrow / lend kept She has borrowed(kept) the magazine since two weeks ago.catch had Kate has
8、 caught (had) a cold for one day.buy had Ive bought (had) this radio for 3 years. put on worn He has put on (worn) the new coat for a week.leave / gobeen away They have left(been away) for one year. start / begin been on The film has begun (been on) for 8 minutes.get up been up He has gone up(been u
9、p) more than two hours. move been out (of) Jims family have moved(been out of) here for over 2 years.finish been over The football match has finished(been over) for two hours. open been open The factory has opened(been open) since 1990. close been closed The factory has closed (been closed) for 2 mo
10、nths. die been dead That old man has died(been dead) for three years. join been in/ been a member (of) Her father has joined (been in) the Party for ten years. come/ become/ arrivebeen(in) They have come to(been in) this school since 1990. 留意：非持续性短暂性动词的确定不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。必需把非持续性动词改为相应的表示持续性的动词或短语，这时可与
11、表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的非持续性动词通常作如下变换：come/go to be at /in ， leavebe away from， buyhave， borrow/lendkeep， diebe dead， start/beginbe on， closebe closed， openbe open， joinbe in/be a member of/be a soldier.， go/come therebe there， get marriedbe married， get up -be up， catch a coldhave a cold， returnbe back， fal
12、l illbe ill，becomebe， has gone tohas been in， die-dead ， make friend -be friend fall asleep -be asleep ， catch a cold have a cold， reach/get/arrive-stay/be 等。 误：l have bought this computer for two years. 正：I have had this computer for two years. 这台电脑我买了有两年了。 4)与此时此刻完成时有关的四种句型之间的转换。 此时此刻完成时的四种句型： A).
13、主语+短暂性动词的过去式+ 时间+ago B).主语+have/has +持续性动词的过去分词+for./since . ago. C).Its +时间段+since +短暂性动词的过去式 D).时间段+has passed +since +短暂性动词的过去式如：“我来广东有4年了”可用以下句型表示： I came to Guangdong 4 years ago. I have been in Guangdong for 4 years. Its 4 years since I came to Guangdong Four years has passed since I came to Guangdong. His grandfather died two years ago. His grandfather has _ _ for two years. _two years _ his grandfather _. Two years _ _ _ his grandfather _.5此时此刻完成时与一般过去时的区分. 标记词不同 (具体看两种时态标记词) 如：I went to cinema two days ago. (一般过去时标记词).He has been away since ten days ago. (此时此刻完成时的标记词). 一般过去时表
