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1、非谓语动词专题复习一、要点揭示:非谓语动词的考查，初中阶段以动词不定式（to do）为主，同时也涉及其他非谓语动词如：动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）过去分词（done）。非谓语动词在句中除不能独立做谓语外，可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等其他成分。以上例题就是对非谓语动词句法作用的考查。在单项选择题中由于命题人在试题的选择项中，使三种非谓语动词的形式全部出现，从而更加加大了试题的迷惑度；完成句子或翻译句子大多考查了与非谓语动词有关的短语或句型。下面以动词不定式为主线将非谓语动词的句法作用做一归纳。二、知识结构1、做主语1） 不定式做主语：例如：To learn E
2、nglish well is not hard. To give is better than to receive.注：不定式做主语常用形式主语it代替。构成句型：It is +adj. +（for sb.）+ to do。如：Its hard for you to do it well. 请动手：把以上两句用该句型来改写。请思考：It is nice of you to give me so much help.句中为什么用of而不用for呢?2）动名词做主语：例如：Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.请思考：该句中的动名词是否也可用it代替呢？
3、2、做表语1）不定式做表语如：To eat is to live, but to live is not to eat. My job is to sell computers. My wish is to fly to the moon. 2）动名词或现在分词做表语。如：My hobby is playing basketball. The news is very interesting. 3）过去分词做表语如：My bike was broken. I was satisfied at the news. His mother is worried about him.3、作宾语非谓语动
4、词做宾语是中考的重要考查点，该考点涉及动词不定式和动名词做宾语的区别。下面以不同类型的动词为线索，加以说明。1） 只能接动词不定式做宾语的动词：decide, hope, agree, choose, fail, wish, learn等。构成句型：动词+to do。如：We agreed to meet him on Sunday.请动手：用以上动词各造一句。2） 既能接不定式又能接动名词做宾语但意义区别不大的动词：like, love, begin, start, hate等。构成句型：动词+to do和动词+doing 如：I will start to work(working) to
5、morrow. Do you like to play(playing) football? 请动手：用以上动词各造两句体会其用法。注：下面情况一般只能用不定式做宾语。I. Would you like/love 后，表示特定动作时。如：Would you like to leave a message?II.当谓语已经用了进行时态时。如：Its beginning to rain.III.在begin后非谓语动词由某些状态动词构成时。如：We began to think of this question. She began to believe his story.3)接不定式和动名词做
6、宾语意思不同的动词：I. need和want 跟动名词时表示被动意义，跟不定式表示主动意义。如：These trees need watering(to be watered). We need to go there.请动手：用want造两个句子加以体会。II. remember, forget, stop, go on 后跟动名词表示动作发生在这些动词之前，跟不定式表示动作发生在这些动词之后。试比较以下两组句子体会不同：Go on reading. 和After he finished the composition, he went on to do his homework. She
7、stopped speaking.和He stopped to speak to Martin.请思考：最后一句中不定式to speak在句中还可以理解为做什么成分？III. try和mean跟动名词和不定式做宾语意义差别很大。try doing 表示“试着做某事”，而try to do表示“设法做某事”。mean doing表示“意思是”、“意味着”，mean to do是“企图、打算”请动手:翻译以下句子：A、他试着用手去摘那个苹果但是失败了。B、他设法用另一种方法解这个题，但不起效果。C、这意味着帮助你。D、我意在帮助你。 4)think, make, find, feel等动词,跟不定
8、式做宾语时常用形式宾语it代替，后面常有形容词做宾语补足语,构成句型：动词+it+ adj.+ to do。如：I found it very important to learn English well. 请动手翻译句子：人们发现保护环境越来越重要。 5)其他：I.只能接动名词做宾语的动词：enjoy, finish, keep(on), miss, mind, practice, suggest等，构成句型：动词+doing。如：After he finished reading the novel, he began to watch the play.请动手：用以上动词各造一句。II
9、.介词后只能接动名词做宾语：请记忆下列句型或短语并造句体会：thanks for doing；what/how about doing； feel like doing； pay attention to doing； make a contribution to doing； stop/prevent/keep/protect sb./sth. from doing； be busy (in) doing； spend st.(in) doing；give up等。4、做宾语补足语1） 接带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词：ask, tell, get, wish, like, want, t
10、each, know, understand, allow, remind等。句型：动词+ sb./sth.+ to do.如：Teachers should allow us to have a day off every week.请思考：该句型的被动句是考试的重点考查点，一般构成什么句型呢？2）动词不定式做宾语补足语时to须省略的动词：I使役动词make, have, let：句型：动词+sb./sth.+ do。如：The boss made his workers work over 10 hours a day. 注：这些句子在变为被动句后，省略的to要补上，且不定式也由原先在句中
11、做宾语补足语变为做主语补足语。如上句变为被动句后为：His workers were made to work over 10 hours a day (by the boss). 该点也是中考的重要考查点，请务必掌握。以上动词也可接过去分词done做宾语补足语，表示：“使被”,构成句型：动词+sb./sth.+ done。如:We had many photos taken in the park. The king made their tombs built many years ago.II.感官动词see, hear, listen (to), feel：句型1：动词+sb./sth
12、.+do.如：I often hear them sing this song.请思考：这种句子变为被动句后不定式有什么变化？请动手翻译下句并变为被动句：我经常听到这个女孩在隔壁房间弹钢琴。注：以上动词后也可跟现在分词做宾语补足语，构成句型：动词+sb./sth.+doing.如：I saw a wallet lying on the ground when I walked by.请思考：以上动词接现在分词doing做宾语补足语与接动词不定式to do做宾语补足语意思上有何区别？举例说明。5、做定语：1）不定式做定语常置于所修饰词后，如：Do you have anything more t
13、o say? I want to find a room to live in.请思考：in 可否省略？为什么？2）现在分词doing和过去分词done也可以做定语，如：The boy standing here is my brother.（现在分词做定语）Her job was to take care of the wounded solidiers.(过去分词做定语)6、做状语1) 不定式做目的状语: He went to visit his parents. We stopped to listen to the teacher.He got up at 3 oclock in or
14、der to catch the early train.The pen is very good to write with. 请思考：最后句一中的介词with 可否省略？为什么？2)不定式做原因状语：常用该句型：be+ adj.+ to do。注：该句型中常用到下列形容词：happy, glad, pleased, angry, right, sorry, slow, clever, quick ready wrong, nice, lucky等。如：Im sorry to hear it. Im pleased to know this.3)不定式做结果状语：常用句型：too（for s
15、b.）to ; enough to do. 如:The box is too heavy for the boy to carry. She isnt brave enough to go out at night.请思考：该类句型转换为复合句常用哪些句型？把上两句变为复合句。请思考：The box is too heavy for me to carry it.该句对吗？为什么？ 4)现在分词做状语如：He sat in the chair, reading the newspaper.(伴随情况状语)请动手用以下短语造句体会现在分词在句中做什么状语？：A、have fun doing; B、have trouble doing 7、其他1）不定式的被动语态to be done:如：There are twenty more trees to be planted. Hell go to the clinic tomorrow to be examined by the doctor.请动手：在教材中找出类似的不定式的被动结构。2）不定式的否定形式not to do和动名词的否定形式not doing：如：Not to go there was right. I get up
