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1、情态动词1shall(1)表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等,一般用于第二、三人称中,并用于陈述句。The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school unless accompanied by an adult.学校制度规定,除非有家长陪伴,任何孩子不准离开学校。You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.假如你做那种事,我就不支持你。(2)用于征求对方的意见或指示,用在第一、三人称的疑问句中。Has Mr Wang arrived?王
2、先生到了吗?Yes,already.Shall he wait outside or just come in?是的,已经到了。他是进来,还是在外面等?2must(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)Smoking must not be allowed in the office.严禁在办公室吸烟。(2)表示“偏执”“固执”Why must you be talking so loudly while others are studying?为什么在别人正学习的时候,你非得这么大声说话呢?3should(1)表示预测可能性,并意为“可能,(按道理)应该”。Its nearly 7 oclock.Jac
3、k should be here at the moment.快7点了,杰克此刻应该在这儿了。(2)竟然,居然I am surprised that you should speak in such a way.我很惊奇你居然用那种口气说话。4would 与used towould 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词。used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在。He would come to see us on Sundays.过去他经常星期天来看望我们。Our company used to do business with thei
4、rs.过去我们公司和他们的公司常有业务往来。5can 和could 的用法(1)表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢?(2)cannot.too/enough 表示“无论也不过分”“越越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.开车时越小心越好。6will与would(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么,如意志、愿望或决心等。would 用于过去的情况。I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he won
5、t listen.我一再告诉他戒烟,但是他就是不听。(2008北京卷)John promised his doctor he would not smoke,and he never smoked ever since.约翰答应医生不再吸烟了,并且从那时起他再也不吸烟了。(2)will 可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“总要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨,他总是沿着小河散步。7may 与might(1)“may as well动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”。You may as well do
6、 it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。We may as well stay where we are.我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。(2)may 作“可以”讲时,其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”;must 作“必须”讲时,其否定式是“neednt”,表示“不必”。May I use your car?No,you mustnt.(委婉的拒绝可用:Sorry,but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)Must I work out the problem tonight?No,you neednt.1.(2010江苏卷)I havent g
7、ot the reference book yet,but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry.You_have it by Friday.AcouldBshallCmustDmay解析:句意为:我至今还没有拿到参考书,但是下个月这个学科就要测试了。别担心,周五之前你一定会有的。本题考查情态动词。shall 用于第二人称表示允诺、要求、命令、威胁等语气,根据句意可知此处表示允诺的语气,故答案为B。could 能,能够;must 必须;may 也许,均不符合语境,可排除。答案:B2(2011潍坊质量监测)When we wor
8、ked in the same firm several years ago,we_often go to the cinema together.AwouldBwillCshallDcould解析:考查情态动词。句意为:当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时,我们常常一起去电影院。would 这里表示(过去)常常。答案:A3(2010福建毕业班检查)For environmental reasons,we _as well take these waste products and have them recycled.AshouldBwouldCmightDcould解析:考查情态动词。根据语意,
9、这里表示“我们只好把这些废弃产品收起来并回收利用”,固定表达may/might as well 意为“使倒也无妨,只好做”,由此我们不难判断这里选C项。答案:C4(2010南通二模)Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel?No,it_take you long.Its not the rush hour now.AshouldntBshantCmustntDneednt解析:考查情态动词。根据应答句的后一分句可知所填词意思是:不应该,选A。答案:A1can 用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测,意为“有时会”;用于疑问句中可以表示推测,意
10、为“可能”,有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,cant 意为“不可能”,语气很强烈。Mr Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时,他怎么可能迟到会议呢?(2008福建卷)It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡通常在三月份很暖和,但有时会相当冷。2may,might用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测,意为“可能”;用
11、于否定句中也可以表示推测,may not 意为“可能不”,表示一种不太确定的语气。(2009辽宁卷)The traffic is heavy these days.I might arrive a bit late,so could you save me a place?最近这些天交通拥挤。我有可能迟到一会儿,因此请你给我留个位子好吗?(2008全国卷)Liza may well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.莉莎可能不想去旅行,她厌恶旅行。3must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,表示十分肯定的(在疑问句中或否
12、定句中要用can)。(2009重庆卷)Hi,Tom.Any idea where Jane is?She must be in the classroom.I saw her there just now.嗨,Tom,你知道Jane在哪儿吗?她肯定在教室里,我刚才在那儿看到她了。4should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”,即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。(2010淄博检测)The public transport in Beijing is very convenient,so there shouldnt be any difficulty in traveling around the
13、 city.现在北京的公共交通非常便利,所以在市区观光不应该有什么困难。1.(2010浙江卷)“You_have a wrong number,” she said,“Theres no one of that name here.”AneedBcanCmustDwould解析:句意为:“你肯定打错电话了,”她说,“这儿没有叫那个名字的人。”考查情态动词。此处情态动词表推测,由语境可知说话人对推测的事情把握较大,所以用must(肯定,一定)。答案:C2(2010烟台二模)I think Ill give Bob a ring.You_.You havent been in touch with
14、 him for ages.Awill BmayChave to Dshould解析:考查情态动词的用法。根据题意可知,这里选择should的意思是“应该”。这句话的意思是:你应该这样做(即给Bob打个电话),你们都多年没有联系了。答案:D3(2010济宁一模)When shall we hold the meeting?It_be better to put it off until next week.AmustBcouldCcanDwill解析:考查情态动词。此处could表示可能性、推测:说不定会。如:It could be better to stay here.说不定呆在这里比较好。答案:B1can/could have done表示“本来可以做,而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”,疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定,其中cant have done 多用于语气强烈的否定,意为“不可能做过”。(2008天津卷)She cant have left school,for her bike is still here.她的自行车现在还在这儿,她不可能已经离开了学校。The accident could have been avoided.这场事故本来是可以避免的。2may/might have done 表示对过去行为的推测,意为“可能做过”