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1、考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Coal beds contain appreciable quantities of methane, the principal component of natural gas. In coal deposits, methane is often dispersed throughout the pores and fractures of the coal bed.问题1选项A.softenedB.decayedC.circulatedD.trickled【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. softened （使）变软，
2、软化 B. decayed （使）腐烂，腐朽C. circulated （液体或气体）环流，循环 D. trickled （使）滴，淌，小股流淌【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】dispersed的意思为“（使）分散，散开”，指的是甲烷这种气体在煤层的孔隙和裂缝循环流动，结合语境，circulated与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】煤层含有大量甲烷，这是天然气的主要成分。在煤矿床中，甲烷往往分散在煤层的孔隙和裂缝中。2. 填空题Looking at those stars, I grasped, for the first time in
3、 my life, the awesome concept of _. (finite)【答案】infinity【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题思路】concept of _是名词所有格，横线处应该是名词，结合在看星星的语境，infinity意思为“无限”，符合语境。【句意】看着那些星星，我生平第一次明白了无限这个令人惊叹的概念。3. 填空题Sedona, located in Arizonas high desert, is famous for its _ beautiful red-sandstone formations. (startle)【答案】startlingly【解析】【考查点
4、】副词。【解题思路】横线处修饰形容词beautiful，所以应该用副词，startlingly意思为“惊人地”，在这里强调美丽的程度，符合语境。【句意】塞多纳位于美国亚利桑那州的高沙漠地带，以美丽的红砂岩而闻名。4. 单选题The brick-and-mortar museum that exists in the real world is unlikely to become obsolete, but “visiting” museums in cyberspace is now a common pastime.问题1选项A.hobbyB.fashionC.modeD.pattern【
5、答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. hobby 业余爱好（活动） B. fashion （衣服、发式等的）流行款式，时兴式样C. mode 风格，样式 D. pattern 模式【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】pastime的意思为“消遣，休闲活动”，指的是在线参观博物馆已成为一种普遍的休闲活动，只有hobby与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】现实世界中的实体博物馆不太可能过时，但现在在线参观博物馆已成为一种普遍的休闲活动。5. 填空题The commission has ruled that the donations by Bear w
6、ood Corporate Services were “legal and _” after a 14-month investigation. (permit)【答案】permissible【解析】【考查点】形容词。【解题思路】根据横线前的and，可知legal和横线处表示并列，所以横线处应为形容词，并且意思和legal对应，permissible意思为“（法律或规则）容许的，许可的”，符合语境。【句意】经过14个月的调查后，委员会裁定认可贝尔斯登公司服务公司捐赠的合法性。6. 单选题Despite the recession in Brazil, many job hunters are
7、 taking their last savings and investing in English lessons because so many _ employers want workers with a knowledge of English.问题1选项A.prevalentB.proficientC.prospectiveD.prominent【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. prevalent 普遍存在的，盛行的 B. proficient 熟练的，娴熟的，精通的C. prospective可能的，潜在的 D. prominent 著名的，杰出的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨
8、析。【解题思路】根据关键词job hunters，可知这些求职者学英语是为了找工作，雇主是谁还没有确定，prospective符合语境，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合语境。【句意】尽管巴西经济衰退，许多求职者还是把最后的积蓄花在了英语课程上，因为很多潜在雇主都想要会英语的员工。7. 单选题In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at w
9、ork and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize
10、 the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathemat
11、ics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional
12、 computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.Imitating the b
13、rains neural network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors,” he explains, “but its not simply a
14、clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves.” Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build
15、 an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.Right now, the option that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.1. The author says that the powerful computers of today _.2. The new trend in artificial intellige
