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1、Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet？导学案Period 1 (Section A 1a-2d)【学习目标】1、 学会用现在完成时表达过去发生的但与现在情况有关的事情。2、 掌握现在完成时结构和了解其含义3、 学会区分现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。【字词达标】词汇达标：already,yet.island,treasure短语达标：hear of,at least,finish doing,on Page 25,hurry up,put it down,grow up.full of2-1-c-n-j-y【学习重点】一、现在完成时的构成（一）肯定式主
2、语助动词have has 过去分词其它（二）否定式主语助动词have hasnot过去分词其它（三）一般疑问式助动词Have Has 主语过去分词其它 ？【说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，yet就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes, 主语havehas.否定回答用“No,主语haventhasnt.”有时也可以用“No，not yet. No, never. No, not even once.”等。】实例：21cnjy.coHave you ever made dumplings? 你曾经做过饺子吗？ Yes, I
3、 have. 是的，我做过。2）Has she ever been abroad? 她曾经出过国吗？ No, never. 不，从来没有。3）Have they found the lost books yet? 他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？21cnjy Yes, they have. 是的，他们找到了。【注意：当句中有否定词not , hardly（几乎不），never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。】例如：You have never come to our school, have you? 你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？二、现在完成时的用法（一）现在完成时的用法1：表
4、示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用。这几个副词的用法如下：1already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例：1）Ive already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。 （“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。）2）Ive washed my clothes already. 我已经洗了衣服。 （洗衣服的动作已完成，其结
5、果是“衣服洗干净了”。）注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。例：3）Have you met him already? 你（真的）已经见过他了？2yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例：1）Has he found his watch yet? 他已经找到他的手表了吗？ No，not yet不，还没有。2）The woman hasnt found her dog yet. 那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响）3just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：
6、 He has just come back from school. 他刚从学校回来。4ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： 1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong? 你曾去过香港吗？ 2）I havent ever spoken to her. 我未曾和她说过话。5never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： I have never travelled by plane before. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。6before意为“以前”，指过去
7、不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例： 1）Have you been to Hainan before? 你以前去过海南吗？ 2）I havent eaten Guangdong food before. 我以前没吃过广东菜。（二）现在完成时用法二2持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for 一段时间” 或 “since过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）” 以及 “so far（到目前为止）” 等时间状语连用。for + 段时间 since +点时间 例：1）Ive lived here since
8、1990. 自从1990年以来我就住在这里。 = Ive lived here since 13 years ago.= Ive lived here for 13 years. = It is 13 years since I began to live here.2）I havent seen him for three years. 我三年没有看见他了。 = I havent seen him since three years ago. = I havent seen him since 2000. = It is 3 years since I saw him last time.3
9、）Mr. Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.21教育名师原创作品自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。4）Shes been at this school since five years ago. 自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。【注意：在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到；累计)或since（自从到现在）引出的时间状语连用。】如： He has died for 5 years. 他已经死了5年了。die是短暂性动词，不能死了5年还没死完。
10、所以必须改成： He has been dead for 5 years.对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long1） 部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词：延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词，也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go
11、, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。begin/startbe onbecome bebuyhaveborrowkeepcome herebe herecome back be backcome be herego therebe therego be therecatch a coldhave a cold leavebe awayfeel illbe illfinishbe over,fall asleep be asleepput on weardiebe deadjoinbe in/be a member ofgo (g
12、et) out be outget to know knowget upbe upget to/ arrive/reachbe (in)leave be away frommove tolive inopen sth.keep sth. open例: (1) The old man died 4 years ago. =The old man has been dead for 4 years.=It is 4 years since the old man died. =Four years has passed since the old man died. (2) He joined t
13、he Party 2 years ago.=He has been in the Party for 2 years. (3) I bought the book 5 days ago.= I have had the book for 5 days.21cnjycom补充练习：1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.21*cnjy*comA. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away【出处：21教育名师】2. I _ the League for
14、 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3.The factory _ since the February of 1988. 【版权所有：21教育】A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5. You mustnt _ until he comes back. A
15、. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8. Ben _ a teacher for 4 years. A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week.A. have returned
