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1、2022年考博英语-武汉大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题我们不能肯定什么是“智力”, 也不能肯定智力表达什么。但这一事实并不妨碍我们认为智力是一种非常有用的概念, 也不妨碍我们对智力测验给予相当程度的信赖。在一次智力测验中, 我们取样测验一个人解决各种各样难题和问题的能力。如果我们取了代表性样本, 就可以成功地预测此人在各种职业中将获得何种程度的成就。英国议会1944年通过的教育法案使普及中等教育成为法律条文。除少数独立基金学校以外, 中等学校将对全民开放。由于全国中等学校的数目最多能容纳11岁以上儿童总数的25%左右, 所以只好做某种选拔。严格的学术性考试和测验被认
2、为对那些在高质量小学就读和家庭学术气氛浓厚的儿童很有利。因此, 智力测验被设计出来, 以抵消这种狭隘的专业化教学内容, 其方法是引入一些并非以书本知识为基础的问题。换言之, 智力测验主要通过给儿童提供一些在其能力与理解力范围内的不同真实情景, 尝试评价儿童思考、推理、判断、分析和综合的总体能力。Directions:Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English.【答案】The fact that we are not sure what intelligence is, nor what is passed on, do
3、es not prevent us from finding it a very useful working concept, and placing a certain amount of reliance on tests which measure it. In an intelligence test we take a sample of an individuals ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds, and if we have taken a representative sample, it wil
4、l allow us to predict successfully the level of performance he will reach in a wide variety of occupations.This became of particular importance when, as a result of the 1944 Education Act, secondary schooling for all became law, and grammar schools, with the exception of a small number of independen
5、t foundation schools, became available to the whole population. Since the number of grammar schools in the country could accommodate at most approximately 25 per cent of the total child population of eleven-plus, some kind of selection had to be made. Narrowly academic examinations and tests were fe
6、lt, quite rightly, to be heavily weighted in favour of children who had had the advantage of highly-academic primary schools and academically biased homes. Intelligence tests were devised to counteract this narrow specialization, by introducing problems which were not based on specifically scholasti
7、cally-acquired knowledge. The intelligence test is an attempt to assess the general ability of any child to think, reason, judge, analyze and synthesize by presenting him with situations, both verbal and practical, which are within his range of competence and understanding.2. 单选题Obesity generally is
8、 defined as an accumulation of fat (adipose tissue) beyond what is considered normal for a persons age, sex, and body type. In todays society obesity is considered as a disease, not a moral failing. It occurs when energy intake exceeds the amount of energy expended over time. Only in a small minorit
9、y of cases is obesity caused by such illnesses as hypothyroidism , or the result of taking medications, such as steroids, that can cause weight gain.The more a person weighs, the more blood vessels the body needs to circulate blood throughout the body. The heart takes on a heavy burden as it has to
10、pump harder to force the blood flow through so many vessels. As a result, the heart grows in size and blood pressure tends to rise. Obesity is also a factor in osteoarthritis (because of the extra weight placed on joints), gout, bone and joint diseases (including ruptured intervertebral discs), vari
11、cose veins, respiratory ailments, gallbladder disease, complications during pregnancy and delivery, and higher accidental death rate.Obesity can alter hormone levels, affect immune function, and cause impotence in men and reproductive problems in women. Women who are 30% overweight are twice as like
12、ly to die of endometrial cancer, and those who are 40% overweight have four times the risk. Obese women also are more likely to incur cancers of the breast, cervix, ovaries, and gallbladder. Obese men are more likely to develop cancers of the rectum, colon, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and
13、 prostate.Obesity can also cause psychological problems. Sufferers are associated with laziness, failure, or inadequate willpower. As a result, overweight men and women blame themselves for being heavy, thus causing feelings of guilt and depression.Scientific evidence has found an association betwee
14、n MBI (body-mass index) and higher death rates. However, the relative risk of being heavy declines with age. Some researchers have found that data linking overweight and death are inconclusive, while other researchers have found that losing weight may be riskier than dangers posed by extra pounds. S
15、ome researchers counter that overweight indirectly contributes to over 300,000 deaths a year.A poll by Shape Up America found that 78% of overweight or obese adults have abandoned dieting as a means of losing weight. Diets do not teach people how to eat properly. They merely restrict food intake tem
16、porarily, so when the diet ends, weight gain resumes.1.The main idea of this passage is（ ） .2.According to the passage, （ ）.3.According to the passage, why does dieting not result in permanent weight loss?4.What does the underlined sentence from the fifth paragraph suggest about obesity?问题1选项A.obesity can lead to many health problemsB.obesity is considered to be a diseaseC.obesity can teach people dietingD
