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1、汉英翻译（下）教案主讲：魏志成教授第8单元I 提示原文来源岳阳楼记作者是北宋作家范仲淹（1892-1941），原文选自戴抗选、谢百魁译，1996年,中国历代散文一百篇。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司。（3个译文所依据的原文版本有差异，这些差异主要体现在断句和标点符号。由此而产生的译文差异不在详细讨论之中）译文来源译文1选自戴抗选、谢百魁译，1996年,中国历代散文一百篇。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司。译文2选自中国文学出版社编, 1998年，中国文学古代散文卷汉英对照, 外语教学与研究出版社&中国文学出版社。译文3为罗经国译，选自英语学习2003年第10期。语体特征与翻译策略 篇章 范仲淹是北宋（9
2、60-1127）朝抵抗西夏侵略的名将。他像许多官吏一样，曾经被罢去官职；也像许多封建时代的官吏一样，官职虽然被罢免，但是对朝廷的忠心与思念不改。范仲淹的忧民之情至今被人称道，他在岳阳楼记提出的“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的亲民思想影响后世至深。 句式 文章多为短句，但是像“刻唐贤今人诗赋于其上，属予作文以记之”这样的SVOC长句也仍见于其中。这些长短相间的句子构成了文章大气的节奏。 语义 文字工整对称。大量入用赋体，四字句如珠走玉盘。“日星隐耀，山岳潜形”，“浮光跃金，静影沉璧”，工于对仗，协和音律。“明”、“惊”、“顷”、“青”、“金”等，合辙叶韵，增强了文章的音乐感，读来舌端润畅，听
3、来耳中清晰。 翻译策略 翻译的审美主体就是译者，译者在翻译实践的审美活动中要发挥审美主体的审美功能，使审美意识尽量处于最佳能动状态。翻译审美功能具有稳定性和可变性这样双重的能动性。一般说来，在翻译中保证审美功能的稳定性是不难做到的，因为语言形式的运用从根本上说是语言现实，优美的词章是客观存在的。但是翻译审美的可变性却是一个仁者见仁、智者见智的问题。这首先是因为原文的模糊性审美构成是非定量的、流变的。再者，在翻译中，语言形式的运用变化在特定的语篇中也是一个常数，但是作者的神思、文章的寓意、读者的感受却都是变数。因此，译者必须使自己的审美功能具有充分的可变性，以把握审美客体的模糊性审美构成。汉语典
4、籍的翻译，需要译者更多地关注翻译语言的简洁性、虚词的结构性。 译文2美感总体上逊色于译文1、3，因为句式单调，缺乏变化，如when从句太多等。 II 译法要点8.1变通：阐释或注释(II) 8.2 变通：SVO时间主语句8.3所指与能指 8.4夸张与Hyperbole8.5翻译审美功能的可变性 8.6误译：地名8.7拟声与Onomatopoeia（II） 8.8文化翻译与文化传真8.9语段层次关系 8.10 语言接触与音译移植8.11数量夸张 8.12 呼应：SVoO名词主语句8.13简洁与达意 8.14模糊性审美8.15 变通：还原 8.16重复与Repetition (II) 8.17顺译
5、：叹词III 原文与译文【原文】岳阳楼记庆历四年春，滕子京谪守巴陵郡。越明年，政通人和，百废具兴。乃重修岳阳楼，增其旧制，刻唐贤今人诗赋于其上，属予作文以记之。予观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。衔远山，吞长江。浩浩汤汤，横无际涯。朝晖夕阳，气象万千，此则岳阳楼之大观也，前人之述备矣。 然则北通巫峡，南极潇湘，迁客骚人，多会于此，览物之情，得无异乎？若夫淫雨霏霏，连月不开。阴风怒号，浊浪排空，日星隐耀，山岳潜形。商旅不行，樯倾楫摧。薄雾冥冥，虎啸猿啼。登斯楼也，则有去国怀乡，忧谗畏讥，满目萧然，感极而悲者矣。至若春和景明，波澜不惊。上下天光，一碧万顷。沙鸥翔集，锦鳞游泳。岸芷汀兰，郁郁青青。而或长烟一
6、空，皓月千里。浮光跃金，静影沉璧。渔歌互答，此乐何极。登斯楼也，则有心旷神怡，宠辱皆忘，把酒临风，其喜洋洋者矣。嗟夫！予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者为之，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲。居庙堂之高，则忧其民；处江湖之远，则忧其君。是进亦忧、退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶？其必曰：先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐欤？噫！微斯人，吾谁与归！【译文】译文1Yueyang PavilionIn the spring of the fourth year of the Qingli period, Teng Zijing was relegated to the position of the prefect of Bal
7、ing. The following year witnessed a great change there in terms of the smooth conduct of government and the harmonious human relations as well as the resumption of a great many neglected undertakings. Thus Yueyang Pavilion was rebuilt on a scale larger than before and was graced with the inscription
8、s of the poems and rhythmic prose of the Tang and contemporary celebrities. I was requested to write something to mark the event.In my view, the grandeur of Baling lies only in Lake Dongting, which looks as if it were holding in its mouth the distant mountains and gulping down the Yangtse River. Bou
9、ndless and marvellous, it presents in the morning sunshine and the evening twilight a most gorgeous spectacle. This is the general view from the pavilion, already described in full by our predecessors. However, since the lake connects with the Wu Gorge in the north and ends at the Xiao and Xiang riv
10、ers in the south, many demoted or banished officials and literati often gather here. Can there be no shades of difference in their feelings when admiring the scenery?If the continous drizzle does not let up for several months on end, one can hear the bleak wind howling and see the turbid waves surgi
11、ng to the sky. The brilliance of the sun and the stars are eclipsed and the shapes of the mountains and hills become obscured. The merchants and travellers are stopped on their way, staying in boats with declined masts and broken oars, while the light being so dim at dusk, one can fancy tigers roars
12、 and monkeys gibbers. So the ascent to the pavilion is associated with the nostalgia in exile and the fear of slanders and taunts. Confronted with such disconsolate scenes, one is apt to be moved to the extreme and feel much saddened.As for the days when spring weather is mile and sunny, nature is l
13、it with a bright smile, and the waves being halcyon, the sky and the lake are tinged with the same hue, making up an infinitely huge canvas of light blue, on which white gulls are hovering in bevies and fish shimmering with silvery scales. And the lake shores adorned with irises and sandbars dotted
14、with orchids are all enshrouded in a sweet and lush green. Sometimes the broad firmament is clear of all mist, a bright moon shines over the vast lake gleaming with a golden glow, and the moons reflection in the watery mirror reminds one of a sunken jade. And then the fishmens song are heard to be e
15、choing one another. What an unbounded joy! In such a case, ascent to the pavilion gives one a broadened mind and eased heart, with credit and discredit both forgotten. Holding a winecup in the wind, one is overflowing with happiness.Oh, I have tried to probe the souls of the noble ancients. Their feelings might differ from the above two.Why? Because they were not glad of things adventitious, or sad for the sake of themselves. Positioned high at court, they worried about the people. Banished to remote regions, they worried about their sov
