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1、2022年考博英语-国防科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The Experimental Psychology Society tries to improve scientific communications among experimental psychologists and those working in _ fields.问题1选项A.cognateB.congenialC.congenitalD.cognitive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项cognate“同源的，同类的”，B项congenial“意气相投的，性格相似的”，C项congenita
2、l“先天的，天生的”，D项cognitive“认知的，认识的”。空格处修饰的词语是field（领域），由此可知，B、C项是修饰人的，故排除；根据improve scientific communications among experimental psychologists and those working in _ fields（改善实验心理学家和在领域工作的人之间的科学交流）可知，A项更符合。句意：实验心理学协会试图改善实验心理学家和在相同领域工作的人之间的科学交流。因此，该题选择A项。2. 单选题Feeling more and more _, Niki embraced the v
3、ibrant and strong-winged butterfly as her symbol of new-found independence.问题1选项A.cynicalB.abridgedC.accessibleD.autonomous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项cynical“愤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的”，B项abridged“删节的，削减的”，C项accessible“易接近的，可进入的”，D项autonomous“自治的，自主的”。由independence（独立）可知，对应D项符合。句意：感觉越来越自主，尼基接受了充满活力和有强壮翅膀的蝴蝶作为她新获得的独立的象征。因此，该
4、题选择D项。3. 单选题In the business world, where everything is stored on computers, filing cabinets full of paper records have become _.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.contemporaryC.unprecedentedD.innovative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项obsolete表示“废弃的，淘汰的，过时的”，B项contemporary表示“发生（属）于同时期的，当代的”，C项unprecedented表示“空前的，无前例的”，D项innovative
5、表示“革新的，创新的，新颖的”。根据关键信息everything is stored on computers（一切都存储在电脑上）可知，filing cabinets full of paper records（装满文件记录的文件柜）应该是“过时的”。句意：在商业世界，所有的东西都存储在电脑上，装满纸质记录的文件柜已经过时了。因此，该题选择A项正确。4. 单选题Gluttonous when it comes to chocolate, Justin eats this decadent treat_. 问题1选项A.furtivelyB.fleetinglyC.voraciouslyD.c
6、overtly【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A项“偷偷地”，B项“飞快地”，C项“贪婪地；狼吞虎咽地”，D项“偷偷摸摸地”。根据句意：一提到巧克力就馋嘴，Justin 吃着这种颓废的食物。因此只有C项符合。5. 单选题We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand domi
7、nance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by month, o
8、ne can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downwarda left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand. Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left
9、, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so
10、 that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.Clues to right-handedness can also be found by other methods. Right-handers tend to have
11、longer, stronger, and more muscular bones on the right side, and Marcellin Boule as long ago as 1911 noted the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton had a right upper arm bone that was noticeably stronger than the left. Similar observations have been made on other Neanderthal skeletons such as
12、 La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal itself.Fractures and other cut marks are another source of evidence. Right-handed soldiers tend to be wounded on the left. The skeleton of a 40- or 50-year-old Nabatean warrior, buried 2,000 years ago in the Negev Desert, Israel, had multiple healed fractures to the s
13、kull, the left arm, and the ribs.Tools themselves can be revealing. Long-handed Neolithic spoons of yew wood preserved in Alpine villages dating to 3000 B.C. have survived; the signs of rubbing on their left side indicate that their users were right-handed. The late Ice Age rope found in the French
14、cave of Lascaux consists of fibers spiraling to the right, and was therefore tressed by a right-hander.Occasionally one can determine whether stone tools were used in the right hand or the left, and it is even possible to assess how far back this feature can be traced. In stone toolmaking experiment
15、s, Nick Toth, a right-hander, held the core (the stone that would become the tool) in his left hand and the hammer stone in his right. As the tool was made, the core was rotated clockwise, and the flakes, removed in sequence, had a little crescent of cortex (the cores outer surface) on the side. Toths knapping produced 56 percent flakes with the cortex on the right, and 44 percent left-oriented flakes. A left-handed toolmaker would produce the opposite pattern Toth has applied these criteria to the similarly made pebble tools from a number of early sites (before 1.5 mil
