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1、2022年考博英语-南昌大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Improvements in quality control techniques have resulted in more high-quality products with very few _.问题1选项A.failuresB.defectsC.routesD.spots【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。failures “失败”；defects “缺点”；routes “路线”；spots “斑点”。句意：质量控制技术的改进使产品质量更高，缺陷更少。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Researchers h
2、ave established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that will allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets the
3、m to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work i
4、n their own lives. “The idea is not necessary to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the national Institute on Aging. “Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain metal alertn
5、ess. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they joy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should
6、engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. He says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally hap
7、pier and better adjusted. D.“The point is, you need to do both,” Cohen says. Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”1. People who are cognitively healthy are those .2. According to Fozard, people can make their brains work more efficiently by .3. The findings of James
8、and other scientists in their work .4. Older people are generally advised to .5. The passage is mainly about .问题1选项A.who can remember large amounts of informationB.who are highly intelligentC.whose minds are alert and receptiveD.who are good at recognizing different things问题2选项A.constantly doing mem
9、ory workB.taking part in various mental activitiesC.going through specific trainingD.making frequent adjustments问题3选项A.remain to be further provedB.have been challenged by many other expertsC.have been generally acceptedD.are practiced by the researchers themselves问题4选项A.keep fit by going in for phy
10、sical activitiesB.keep mentally active by challenging their brainsC.maintain mental alertness through specific trainingD.maintain a balance between individual and group activities问题5选项A.how biochemical changes occur in human brainB.why people should keep active both physically and mentallyC.how inte
11、llectual activities influence healthD.why people should receive special mental training as they age【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到当人们动脑筋的时候大脑会发生变化，使其在注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用（Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that w
12、ill allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory），由此可知有善于动脑的人认知上更健康，因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第三段提到了Fozard的观点，他认为普通人没有必要去做大量的记忆训练，只要让思维保持警觉就可以（Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain metal alertness），因此选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第三段最后一句话提到Fozard和其他
13、人用不同的精神心理技能来挑战自己的大脑（Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they joy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work），因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段第二句话He says that we are frequently advised to keep phys
14、ically active as we age可知选项A符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一二段提到研究人员证实当人们动脑筋时，会使得注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用；第三四段提到几位研究人员对这个观点的进一步说明，并且建议随着年纪增长，身体和精神都应该得到锻炼，因此选项B“为什么人们应该在身体和精神上都保持活跃”符合题意。3. 单选题He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back to following week.问题1选项A.on conditionB.on purpos
15、eC.on occasionD.only if【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。on condition “只要，以为条件” ；on purpose “有目的的”；on occasion “有时，偶尔”；only if “只要就”。句意：他问我借些钱，我同意借给他，前提是他（必须）下周还我。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题When Mr. Simpson went to apply for a in the office of a local newspaper, he was told to see the manager.问题1选项A.careerB.positionC.professionD.location【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Career “事业”；position “职位”；profession “职业，专业”；location “位置，地点”。句意：当辛普森先生去当地一家报纸寻求职位时，他被告知去见经理。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题Of recent inventions, it is perhaps the mot
